Abstract
The birth of Urology as a specialty may be said to have begun with the presentation of a workable cystoscope by Nitze in 1877. The embryonic phase of this fledgling branch of medicine received great impetus when in 1895 Roentgen brought forth the xray film whose clinical use was soon to be adapted to the diagnosis of diseases of the urinary tract. Continuous discoveries thereafter relating to the physiology and pathology of the genitourinary organs, therapeutic agents, innovative instruments, enhancement of operative skills, and innumerable further developments have led to the high-tech specialty in which we now bask. Nevertheless we should remember as one medical historian has observed that we see so far today because we stand on the shoulders of the giants who have gone before.
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