Abstract
The CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the world’s largest accelerator, storage ring, and proton–proton collider. Its two orbits are filled by oppositely circulating particle beams which collide at four interaction points (IP). Located at the interaction points are the particle detectors designed for different physics programs: A Toroidal LHC Apparatus (ATLAS) and Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS), general-purpose detectors for searches of physics beyond the standard model and precision measurements of QCD and electroweak interactions; A Large Ion Collider Experiment (ALICE), specializing in hadron physics; LHC beauty (LHCb), for precision heavy-flavor physics; and Large Hadron Collider forward (LHCf) and TOTEM (Total Cross Section, Elastic Scattering, and Diffraction Dissociation Measurement at the LHC), for hadron physics in the forward region and the proton cross section measurement. Note that LHC is designed to also circulate lead ion (208Pb82) beams, and the ion–ion and ion–proton collisions are important parts of the LHC physics program. However, the remainder of this thesis will focus on the proton–proton operation.
Published Version
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