The Lexicographic Treatment of the Demonstrative Copulative in Sesotho sa Leboa ? An Exercise in Multiple Cross-referencing

Abstract

Abstract: In this research article an in-depth investigation is presented of the lexicographictreatment of the demonstrative copulative (DC) in Sesotho sa Leboa. This one case study serves asan example to illustrate the so-called 'paradigmatic lemmatisation' of closed-class words in theAfrican languages. The need for such an approach follows a discussion, in Sections 1 and 2 respectively,of the present and missing directions in African-language metalexicography. A theoreticalconspectus of the DC in Sesotho sa Leboa is then offered in Section 3, while Section 4 examines thetreatment of the DC in the four existing desktop dictionaries for this language. The outcomes fromthe two latter sections are then used in Section 5, which analyses the problems of and options for asound lexicographic treatment of the DC in bilingual and monolingual dictionaries. The next twosections proceed with a review of the practical implementation of the DC lemmatisation suggestionsin PyaSsaL, i.e. the Pukuntsutlhalosi ya Sesotho sa Leboa 'Explanatory Sesotho sa Leboa Dictionary'— with Section 6 focussing on the hardcopy and Section 7 on the online version. In the process,the very first fully monolingual African-language dictionary on the Internet is introduced. Section8, finally, concludes briefly. Keywords: LEXICOGRAPHY, PARADIGMATIC LEMMATISATION, AFRICAN LANGUAGES,SESOTHO SA LEBOA (NORTHERN SOTHO, SEPEDI), DEMONSTRATIVE COPULATIVE,CROSS-REFERENCING, CORPUS, MONOLINGUAL DICTIONARY, BILINGUAL DICTIONARY, HARDCOPY, ONLINE, INTERNET, EXPLANATORY SESOTHO SA LEBOA DICTIONARY(PYASSAL), SIMULTANEOUS FEEDBACK (SF) Senaganwa: Tokelotlhaloso ya lesalasupi-leba ka mo pukuntsung ya Sesothosa Leboa — Tiriso ka go supana go gontsi. Ka go sengwalwana se sa nyakisiso,nyakisiso yeo e tseneletsego e laetswa ka ga go lokelwa le go hlaloswa ga lesalasupi-leba ka mopukuntsung ya Sesotho sa Leboa. Thutwana ya mohuta wo ya nyakisiso e soma bjalo ka mohlalago laetsa seo se bitswago 'tokelo ya mantsu ka lenaneo' (paradigmatic lemmatisation) ya mantsu alegoro leo le tswaletswego ka go maleme a Afrika. Tlhokego ya nyakisiso ya mohuta wo e tla kamorago ga therisano ya ditaetso tsa gonabjale le tseo di sego gona ka go tlhamopukuntsu ya teoriya maleme a Afrika. Ditaba tse di hlaloswa ka go dikarolo 1 le 2. Tlhaloso ya teori ya lesalasupilebaka go Sesotho sa Leboa e fiwa ka go karolo 3, mola karolo 4 e hlahloba tokelo le tlhaloso yalesalasupi-leba ka go dipukuntsu tse nne tseo di lego gona mo polelong ye. Dipoelo tsa dikarolo 3le 4 di somiswa karolong ya 5, yeo e sekasekago mathata le dikgonego tsa tokelotlhaloso yalesalasupi-leba ka go dipukuntsu tsa polelopedi le tsa polelotee. Dikarolo tse pedi tseo di latelagodi tswela pele ka tekolo tirisong ya dikakanyetso tsa tshomiso ya lesalasupi-leba ka go PyaSsaL, elego Pukuntsutlhalosi ya Sesotho sa Leboa. Karolo 6 e lebane le taodiswana ya pampiri mola karolo 7 elebane le taodiswana ya Inthanete. Ka go dira bjalo, pukuntsu ya mathomothomo ya polelotee yamaleme a Afrika e tsebagatswa mo Inthaneteng. Mafelelong karolo 8 e fa kakaretso ka bokopana. Mantsu a bohlokwa: TLHAMOPUKUNTSU, TOKELO YA MANTSU KA LENANEO,MALEME A AFRIKA, SESOTHO SA LEBOA, LESALASUPI-LEBA, TSHUPANO, KHOPHASE,PUKUNTSU YA POLELOTEE, PUKUNTSU YA POLELOPEDI, PUKUNTSU YA PAMPIRI, KAGO INTHANETE, INTHANETE, PUKUNTSUTLHALOSI YA SESOTHO SA LEBOA (PYASSAL),SIMULTANEOUS FEEDBACK (SF)