Abstract

A crisis can occur with little or no warning, anywhere, and at any time. Crisis management seeks to help organizations cope with specific, unexpected, and non-routine events that create high levels of uncertainty and threat. Although the crisis management literature is plentiful regarding the business sector, little has been written on this subject when it comes to nonprofit organizations (NPOs).

Highlights

  • Organizations operate in highly volatile environments (Spillan and Crandall, 2002)

  • The impact planning process, and crisis mitigation are important strategic concerns that must be incorporated into an organization's overall planning process (Spillan and Crandall, 2002)

  • In particular, the North of Portugal, is still in a pandemic situation, this study focuses on the first two phases of Coombs (2012) and Coombs and Laufer (2018): pre-crisis phase, and crisis phase

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Summary

Introduction

Organizations operate in highly volatile environments (Spillan and Crandall, 2002). The demands of day-to-day operations and crisis management are important and challenging, and organizations need to implement crisis management plans and create teams to achieve business continuity (Spillan, 2003). The impact planning process, and crisis mitigation are important strategic concerns that must be incorporated into an organization's overall planning process (Spillan and Crandall, 2002). The ability to manage a crisis can determine survival and disaster (Spillan and Crandall, 2002); some organizations consider crisis planning and management important, others less so (Spillan, 2003)

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