Abstract
The JEM-EUSO mission explores the origin of the extreme energy cosmic rays (EECRs) above 50EeV and explores the limits of the fundamental physics, through the observations of their arrival directions and energies. It is designed to open a new particle astronomy channel. This superwide-field (60 degrees) telescope with a diameter of about 2.5m looks down from space onto the night sky to detect near UV photons (330 ÷ 400nm, both fluorescent and Cherenkov photons) emitted from the giant air showers produced by EECRs. The arrival direction map with more than five hundred events will tell us the origin of the EECRs and allow us to identify the nearest EECR sources with known astronomical objects. It will allow them to be examined in other astronomical channels. This is likely to lead to an nderstanding of the acceleration mechanisms perhaps producing discoveries in astrophysics and/or fundamental physics. The comparison of the energy spectra among the spatially resolved individual sources will help to clarify the acceleration/emission mechanism, and also finally confirm the Greisen–Zatsepin–Kuz’min process for the validation of Lorentz invariance up to γ ~ 10<sup>11</sup>. Neutral components (neutrinos and gamma rays) can also be detected as well, if their fluxes are high enough. The JEM-EUSO mission is planned to be launched by a H2B rocket about 2017 and transferred to ISS by H2 Transfer Vehicle (HTV). It will be attached to the Exposed Facility external experiment platform of “KIBO”.
Highlights
The Extreme Universe Space Observatory – EUSO is the first space mission devoted to exploring the Universe through the detection of the extreme energy (E > 50 EeV) cosmic rays (EECRs) and neutrinos [1,2,3,4,5]; it looks downward from the International Space Station (ISS)
It was first proposed as a free-flyer, but was selected by the European Space Agency (ESA) as a mission attached to the Columbus module of ISS
Japanese Experiment Module (JEM)-EUSO is a scientific mission looking downward from ISS to explore the extremes in the Universe and fundamental physics through the detection of extreme energy (E > 5 × 1019 eV) cosmic rays
Summary
The Extreme Universe Space Observatory – EUSO is the first space mission devoted to exploring the Universe through the detection of the extreme energy (E > 50 EeV) cosmic rays (EECRs) and neutrinos [1,2,3,4,5]; it looks downward from the International Space Station (ISS). JEM-EUSO is designed to achieve our main scientific objective: astronomy and astrophysics through the particle channel to identify sources by arrival direction analysis and to measure the energy spectra from individual sources, with an overwhelmingly high exposure, approaching 1 × 106 km sr yr at energies above 300 EeV (see Fig. 3) This will allow the exploration of an energy region beyond any other previous or planned experiment (in the case of space-based telescopes, the observation area of the Earth’s surface is essentially determined by the projection of the field of view of the optics). It will constrain the acceleration or emission mechanisms, and will confirm the Greisen–Zatsepin–Kuz’min process [6] for the validation of Lorentz invariance up to γ ∼ 1011
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