Abstract
From our previous work on the role of the electrostatic field strength in controlling the pH of the iso-electric point (iep)/point-of-zero-charge (pzc) of polar solids we have extended the analysis to predict that the pH of the iep/pzc of a nonpolar solid, liquid or gas-aqueous interface should occur at pH 1.0–3.0, dependant on the value assigned to water molecules or clusters at the interface. Consideration of a wide range of experimental results covering nonpolar solids such as molybdenite, stibnite, paraffin, etc. as well as hydrocarbon liquids such as xylene, decalin, and long chain ( > C 8 ) alkane oils, as well as nitrogen and hydrogen gases, all in various simple 1:1 electrolyte solutions confirm the general validity of the result. We further consider various models of the origin of the charge on nonpolar material–water interfaces.
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