The Islamic Lifestyle of the Muslim Middle Economy Class and the Opportunities for the Halal Tourism Industry in Indonesia

This study aims to see and analyze the potential of sharia tourism in Indonesia to develop the economy of the people (society), especially the Muslim community. This research was conducted using a descriptive qualitative method. Sources of data were obtained through various literature related to sharia tourism, both from previous journals, books, and news articles. Researchers look for relevant sources and then process and analyze these sources themselves to become a systematic thought or result. The main results of the study are that sharia tourism has great potential as part of the tourism industry in Indonesia, which is a large center for sharia tourism in the world because it has natural resources and human resources that support it, namely natural beauty, cultural diversity, and the world's largest Muslim population. , sharia tourism can contribute to improving the economy of the Muslim community (community) in particular and improving the country's economy in general.
 Keywords: sharia tourism, halal tourism, potential, develop the economy

The demand for halal tourism in Indonesia and even the world is very large; the government must utilise the potential to attract public interest in halal tourism. To explore the great potential of halal tourism, it must begin to provide products, facilities, and infrastructure to meet the needs of Muslim tourists with Muslim-friendly services. The aim of this research is to compile the development of standardisation services in halal tourism through halal tourism practice in Indonesia. The object of this study is the need for standardisation of Muslim-friendly services in terms of access, service, and provision of tourist facilities. This research is qualitative research using a descriptive approach. The study of literature (library research) by collecting journals that follow the research topic and analysing using data grouping, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The results of this research state that many standardisation Muslim-friendly services. The standards must exist in halal tourism; in addition, these services or facilities, if possible, must be MUI certified so that tourists feel calm in using or using halal products.

Halal tourism is currently a sector that has become a global trend. As a country with the largest Muslim population in the world, Indonesia should be able to compete in the international arena to form an image as the best country in the halal tourism sector. The article explains the nation branding strategy of the government and Islamic organizations, namely Muhammadiyah and Nahdlatul Ulama, in the hope of being able to raise the halal tourism industry in Indonesia. This research is analytical descriptive research using qualitative methods. The data collection techniques used are literature studies and official websites to process data related to nation branding strategies carried out. The results of this study show the strategies of the government, Nahdlatul Ulama, and Muhammadiyah through three sectors, namely food, hotels, and halal destinations. Of the three sectors, it was found that the government is the actor who has the most effort in improving Indonesia's nation branding through the official website, followed by Nahdlatul Ulama and finally Muhammadiyah. This method is done in order to improve Indonesia's nation branding as a halal tourism country known to the world. This article contributes to the discussion of the potential development of halal tourism in Indonesia.

The halal tourism industry in Indonesia has great market potential, and to ensure sustainability and protection for consumers and business actors, strong and law-based regulations are needed. The principles of constitutionalism and Rechtsstaat (state of law) play a crucial role in creating legal certainty and justice in the halal tourism sector. This study aims to analyze the application of these two principles in Bandung Regency Regional Regulation Number 6 of 2020 concerning Halal Tourism, as well as West Java Provincial Regulation Number 1 of 2022 concerning Sharia Economic and Financial Development. By using a qualitative approach through literature studies and interviews with various relevant stakeholders. The results show that the application of these principles provides a solid legal basis in the development of the halal tourism industry, increases legal certainty, and supports the growth of the Islamic economy. However, challenges were also found in terms of uneven implementation, especially in rural areas. This research recommends improving inter-institutional coordination, training programs for small businesses, and the establishment of a halal tourism task force to realize inclusive and sustainable governance.

The covid 19 pandemics have slowed down the world economy, especially Indonesia, especially in the halal tourism sector. As known halal tourism sector is hard hit by the pandemic covid 19, especially in the transport sector which is much in the set on the restriction of physical distance. This journal's literature review will explore the impact of covid-19 on the role of the transportation sector in the halal tourism industry in Indonesia, as well as identify opportunities and challenges in the transportation sector for halal tourism during the Covid-19 pandemic. This journal review literature research method is carried out by searching for published articles on Sage, Elsevier Science, and Taylor Francis with the selected keywords namely Covid-19, Transportation, and Halal Tourism. The search was carried out by limiting publications from 2010–2020. From the results of the literature search, it can be seen that there was a change or shift in behavior from pre-covid-19 activities to the covid-19 era which had a direct impact on decreasing the movement or mobility of the Indonesian population in the halal tourism transportation sector. Transportation with a health element as the main requirement that needs to be implemented in halal tourism is an important aspect for sustainable halal tourism during the covid-19 pandemic.

Cities are complex and evolving systems with various factors playing key roles, e.g., population increase, the migration of population, the availability of resources, and the flexibility of policies. Consumers’ socioeconomic status is also an important aspect that needs to be studied in the context of a self-reliant urban city in its resource consumption. In this regard, the association between water–food and socio-economic attributes was analyzed based on the consumer-centric approach for the Hyderabad Metro Development Authority (HMDA) region, India. In this study, the embedded water content in food consumption was estimated and analyzed for nine food groups and twelve economic classes of the HMDA region. The middle economic classes were found to correspond to ~80% of embedded water content in the HMDA region, followed by the upper and lower economic classes. Except for cereals, per capita, the water consumption of all food groups increased with the spending power of the economic class. The green, blue, and grey consumption water footprints (WFs) suggested that much of the water that is being consumed in the HMDA region is precipitation-driven, followed by surface and groundwater resources. Limited water resources, water resource variability, climate change consequences including future climate projections, uncertainty in data, WF estimates, and region’s future growth imply a detailed study in drafting policies to become a self-reliant region.

Halal tourism has received a rejection from several people in Indonesia because it is understood as a form of Islamization of tourism. This rejection is evidence of the lack of literacy in Halal Tourism in the community regarding Halal Tourism. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the rejection of Halal Tourism in several regions of Indonesia and to discover the important role of Halal Tourism literacy in responding to the rejection of Halal Tourism from some communities. This study used a qualitative descriptive approach using document analysis as a data collection technique. The results of this study indicate that Halal Tourism literacy is very important to be able to increase public understanding of Halal Tourism that the concept of Halal Tourism is a universal concept that can be accepted by all religions, societies, cultures, and governments. Halal Tourism Literacy has an important role to socialize that Halal Tourism is not a form of Islamization of tourism but rather an extended service in the tourism industry in Indonesia.

Prevalence of Asthma and Associated Comorbidities in the Spanish Population: A Cross-sectional Survey

Staphylococcus aureus is a known colonizer in humans and has been implicated in community acquired soft tissue infections. However emergence of methicillin resistant S. aureus(MRSA) has aroused great concern worldwide. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of MRSA in the community of Bangalore, southern India. Swabs were collected from anterior nares, forearm, dorsum and palm of the hands of 1,000 healthy individuals residing in and around Bangalore, belonging to different socioeconomic strata and age groups. Analysis verified that 22.5% and 16.6% of the individuals presented Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA, respectively, at any of the three sites. Vancomycin resistance was observed in 1.4% of the S. aureus isolates, which was confirmed by detection of the vanA gene. It was interesting to note that 58.8% of the children in the age group 1-5 years-old presented MRSA, the highest percentage compared to other age groups of < 1 (44.4%) year-old, 5-20 (21.7%) years-old, > 40(11%) years-old and 20-40 (9.9%) years-old. Among the population of various socioeconomic strata, maximum MRSA colonization was observed among doctors (22.2%), followed by upper economic class (18.8%), lower economic class (17.7%), apparently healthy hospital in-patients (16.5%), nurses (16%) and middle economic class (12.5%). Most of the MRSA isolates were capsular polysaccharide antigen type 8 (57.1%). There is a need for continuous surveillance and monitoring of the presence of MRSA in the community and a clearer understanding of the dynamics of the spread of MRSA will assist in controlling its dissemination.

Abstrak: Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Produk Halal(BPJPH) merupakan lembaga yang berperan penting dalam proses sertifikasi halal menjadi tolak ukur konsumen dalam membeli maupun menggunakan produk. Saat ini pariwisata halal telah banyak berkontribusi dalam pertumbuhan ekonomi di indonesia yang mengalami peningkatan. Semakin berkembanganya wisata halal regulasi yang mengatur pariwisata halal masih mengacu secara umum dalam regulasi barang dan jasa secara umum yang tercantum dalam Undang-Undang Jamian Produk Halal(JPH). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengeksplorasi peran potensi BPJPH dalam penanganan sertifikasi pariwisata halal di Indonesia. Metode pengumpulan artikel ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif,, yang bersumber dari Undang-Undang Nomor 33 Tahun 2014 Tentang Jaminan Produk Halal, Undang-Undang Nomor 11 tahun 2020 tentang Cipta kerja Fatwa DSN-MUI Nomor.108/DSN-MUI/X/201 Tentang Pariwisata Syariah serta dikumpulkan melalui studi pustaka, mencakup analisis terhadap kebijakan BPJPH, jurnal ilmiah, situs web, dan penelitian terdahulu. Dalam temuan Artikel ini yaitu belum ditemukannya regulasi dalam Undang-Undang Jaminan Produk Halal yang mengatur secara komprehensif terkait pariwisata halal. BPJPH sebagai lembaga krusial saat ini belum memiliki regulasi khusus terkait pariwisata halal. BPJPH sebagai administrator sudah semestinya meregulasi peraturan terkait pariwisata halal, disamping perkembangan pariwisata halal sangat berkontribusi terhadap sektor PDB Indonesia, maka perlu adanya perluasan kebijakan Undang-Undang Jaminan Produk Halal yang harus direvisi oleh pemerintah. Kata Kunci: BPJPH; pariwisata halal; JPH Abstract: : The Halal Product Guarantee Organizing Agency (BPJPH) is an institution that plays an important role in the halal certification process as a benchmark for consumers in purchasing or using products. Currently, halal tourism has contributed greatly to economic growth in Indonesia which has increased. The increasing development of halal tourism, regulations governing halal tourism still refer generally to the general regulations on goods and services contained in the Halal Product Guarantee Law (JPH). The purpose of this study is to explore the potential role of BPJPH in handling halal tourism certification in Indonesia. The method of collecting this article uses the normative juridical method, which is sourced from Law Number 33 of 2014 concerning Halal Product Guarantee, Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation, DSN-MUI Fatwa Number.108/DSN-MUI/X/201 concerning Sharia Tourism and collected through literature studies, including analysis of BPJPH policies, scientific journals, websites, and previous research. In the findings of this article, there has been no regulation in the Halal Product Guarantee Law that comprehensively regulates halal tourism. BPJPH as a crucial institution currently does not have specific regulations related to halal tourism. BPJPH as an administrator should regulate regulations related to halal tourism, besides the development of halal tourism greatly contributing to Indonesia's GDP sector, there needs to be an expansion of the Halal Product Guarantee Law policy which must be revised by the government. Keywords: BPJPH; halal tourism; JPH

Due to the increase of leisure time caused by the five-day work week and the introduction of comprehensive programming channels, reality programs related to tourism have greatly increased. Therefore, modern tourists are indirectly experiencing tourism on TV. The purpose of this study is to examine how older generation viewers form their viewpoints on leisure via reality programs. Specifically, using a reality program entitled “Grandpa over Flowers” in which the elderly go backpacking that is considered to be the exclusive property of the young generation. This study tried to analyze how the negative image of elderly individuals is restructured and reinterpreted. This study was conducted using an interview with six older generation viewers from a middle economic class who were over 60 years of age. As a result of the analysis, older generation middle economic class viewers claimed that the age criterion of the elderly was over 75 and the negative recognition of the elderly people resulted from the improper education of children. Men and women preferred distinctively different leisure types, and they had a negative viewpoint concerning free leisure facilities. Regarding the leisure policies of Korea, they had strong complaints concerning Korean welfare policies. They also claimed that the middle class and higher classes cannot benefit from welfare policies for the elderly. For “Grandpa over Flowers”, they contended that it is a commercial program that aggravated the values of elderly people through backpacking. However, they responded that they would prepare for language study by backpacking in the future and would not feel any economic burden from this plan. In conclusion, older generation viewers from the middle class in Korea showed both Bourdieu’s distinction phenomenon and Peterson &amp; Simkus’ omnivore phenomenon simultaneously.

Halal lifestyle has become a trend of world needs. Indonesia took this opportunity through the development of halal tourism. Halal tourism is part of the tourism industry that provides tourist services by referring to Islamic rules. However, there are still different understandings of halal tourism in the community and stakeholders, so that it can be one of the obstacles. This study aims to describe the development of halal tourism in Indonesia and analyze the government’s strategy in developing halal tourism. This research is a qualitative study using SWOT analysis. This research used primary data (discussions with the Ministry of Tourism, Indonesian Ulema Council, and academics at Andalas Dharma University) as well as secondary data. Since 2015, the growth of the halal tourism industry in Indonesia has increased. This is in line with Indonesia’s increasing rank every year from the sixth position (2015) to the first position (2019) in the Global Muslim Travel Index (GMTI) as the country with the best halal destinations. There are three primary strategies undertaken by the government to reach this achievement, namely: 1) marketing development; 2) destination development; and 3) industrial and institutional development. Based on the results of the SWOT analysis conducted, four strategies can be carried out by the government in developing halal tourism in Indonesia. These strategies involve elucidating the public and stakeholders about halal tourism, integrating infrastructure development with increased connectivity to tourist destination areas, drafting legislation, and providing the community with guidance and the ease of doing business. This way, the development of halal tourism can have double effects. A good collaboration between the government and various stakeholders is also essential in managing strengths and utilizing opportunities for the development of halal tourism in Indonesia.

This study aims to look at the implementation of sharia compliance and Minangkabau custom in the halal tourism industry in West Sumatra, as the leading province in the halal tourism industry in Indonesia. The research methodology used in this study is a qualitative descriptive methodology with in-depth interviews as a data collection instrument. The Indonesian Ulema Council, the Provincial Tourism Office and the halal tourism managers in the provinces of West Sumatra are the main sources of data for this study and purposive sampling strategies are used in this study to pick informants based on criteria. The findings of this study indicate that the halal tourism industry in West Sumatra has substantively complied with the sharia rules contained in the fatwa of the Indonesian Ulema Council No. 108 of 2016 due to the implementation of sharia compliance in halal tourism in this province through the Minangkabau custom adat basandi syarak, syarak basandi kitabullah by combining religious and cultural values that are deeply rooted in society, this saying is ingrained in the life of the Minang people. This is what distinguishes West Sumatra from other provinces in maintaining sharia compliance with halal tourism. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat aktualisasi kepatuhan syariah dan budaya adat Minangkabau pada industri wisata halal di Sumatera Barat, sebagai provinsi terdepan dalam sektor wisata halal di Indonesia. Metodologi penelitian yang diaplikasikan pada riset ini adalah metodologi deskriptif kualitatif dengan wawancara mendalam sebagai instrumen yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data riset. Sumber data primer penelitian ini adalah Majelis Ulama Indonesia, Dinas Pariwisata Propinsi dan para pengelola pariwisata halal yang ada di Propinsi Sumatera Barat. Kriteria pemilihan informan pada penelitian ini berdasarkan teknik purposive sampling. Temuan riset ini menunjukkan bahwa di Sumatera Barat industri wisata halalnya secara substantif sudah mematuhi aturan syariah sebagaimana yang sudah ditetapkan Majelis Ulama Indonesia melalui fatwa No. 108 Tahun 2016, hal ini karena implementasi nilai-nilai syariah pada industri halal tourism di provinsi ini seiring dengan pepatah budaya Minang yang berbunyi adat basandi syarak, syarak basandi kitabullah. Pepatah ini adalah wujud harmonisasi nilai-nilai agamis dan budaya yang sudah kuat berakar dalam sendi kehidupan masyarakat, pepatah ini juga sudah dikenal turun-temurun oleh anak kemenakan di Minang. Hal inilah yang membedakan Sumatera Barat dengan provinsi lain dalam menjaga kepatuhan syariah wisata halal.

Trends in social inequality in physical inactivity among Danish adolescents 1991–2014

This study aims to look at the role of Islamic banking in the development of halal tourism in Indonesia in the perspective of opportunities and challenges. This research uses a qualitative method using a descriptive analytical approach. This research was conducted with a literature study and analysed with several stages, namely classifying, reducing, and verifying the sources of research on halal tourism. The results showed that Islamic banking has a very strong role in terms of developing the halal tourism industry. Islamic banking must assess both the opportunities and challenges of halal tourism potential in Indonesia