Abstract
The Sistan River, located in southeast of the Sistan Plain in Iran and Afghanistan border, branched off the Hirmand River and after passing distance around 72 km, reaches to Lake Hamoon of the Hirmand. In this study, the morphological classification of Sistan River in the distance between Kahak dam and Hirmand Hamoon Lake (with the length of 72 km) was examined using the Rosgen classification. It should be noted that the classification of rivers was conducted at levels I and II of the Rosgen Classification. In the level I, the shape, pattern and gradient of the river were extracted using only field visits as well as satellite images and maps; and river morphology was determined in eight types of A-G using them. Then in the level I, in addition to the parameters in the level I, the classification was completed using other features such as the entrenchment factor, width to depth ratio, sinuosity factor and the diameter of the size of particles in the riverbed; and the classification of this river was conducted by comprehensive classification system in the next step. Under this method, the pattern of the river is of type C5c and C6c.
Highlights
The flow of water is the most important phenomenon in the skin processes of the Earth; and rivers have a role in the global feature of the Earth, but they determine the shape of the life of man on earth (Morisow, 1968)
The main objective of this study is to evaluate the degree of sensitivity of the river to disturbance, the rate of redox potential, the rate of sediment supply, the rate of erosion potential in the banks and the effect of vegetation on the stability of channel to determine the morphology of Sistan River based on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the Rosgen classification system, from the place of ups to the estuary of the river, so that one can identify the behavior of the river using administrative interpretations of the Rosgen classification and try to improve conditions for its stability
In the Figure, the plan and slope of the river is less than 2%, so Sistan River is a river of type C based on the first level of Rosgen classification
Summary
The flow of water is the most important phenomenon in the skin processes of the Earth; and rivers have a role in the global feature of the Earth, but they determine the shape of the life of man on earth (Morisow, 1968). Rivers are major factors in in the morphological change of the Earth (Alipour Kohneki, 1998). Rivers and channels are completely dynamic systems whose position, shape and morphological characteristics are constantly changing over time (Rangzan et al, 2008). In the past one hundred years or so, great progress has been made in river geomorphology. River morphology, focusing on meander and braided river, has been one of the most important parts in river geomorphology. Geometric parameter of modern rivers is a key to palaeohydrologic reconstruction and river evolution (Dury, 1976); studies of river morphology supply geomorphologic basis to protect river landscapes and environment, and to exploit hydraulic resources (Zhang et al, 2008). Morphological change in river channels primarily consists of adjustments to channel width, depth, local channel slope, and planform. Channel adjustment depends on available stream power-a function of discharge and valley slopethe size and volume of bed load, and resistance provided by riparian vegetation and bank materials (Labbe et al, 2011)
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