The intersection of sex and field: an examination of career choice factors and dropout intentions in STEM and non-STEM degrees

Abstract

ABSTRACT The under-representation of women in male-dominated STEM fields is a worldwide concern. However, there are other academic fields, like some non-STEM degrees, where female students are over-represented. Previous research has identified five critical factors influencing student participation rates: career choice, satisfaction, self-esteem, discrimination, and dropout. Based on a sample of 402 students, this study examines the educational experiences of female students in male-dominated STEM degrees compared to those in female-dominated non-STEM degrees. The study also compares results between male students in STEM and non-STEM degrees. The findings reveal that STEM female students are less likely to choose their studies based on vocation, associated with dropout intentions. Moreover, STEM female students have higher dropout intentions and feel less self-esteem. For female STEM students, dropout intentions are related to self-esteem, discrimination, and satisfaction. This study highlights differences between minority groups in STEM and non-STEM degrees and offers valuable information to address the under-representation of female students in technical fields.