Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the effects of seven weeks of aerobic exercise training and piperine on paraquat-induced lung damage. Forty-eight male Wistar rats (230g, six-eight weeks old) were randomly divided into six groups (n=8): sham, paraquat (5mg/kg three times a week; intraperitoneally), paraquat+piperine (10mg/kg/day; orally), paraquat+aerobic exercise training, paraquat+piperine+aerobic exercise training; and paraquat+vitamin E (20mg/kg/day; orally) as a positive control. Rats were sacrificed on day 50, and both lung tissues were isolated to measure oxidative (MDA), anti-oxidative (GSH), inflammatory (TNF-α), anti-inflammatory (IL-10) markers, and histological evaluations (hematoxylin-eosin staining). The results of the present study revealed that paraquat significantly decreased body weight, GSH, GSH/MDA ratio, IL-10, and IL-10/TNF-α ratio while increasing MDA, TNF-α, and histopathological damage in lung tissue (P<0.01 to 0.001). In contrast, treatment with all four interventions meaningfully diminished oxidative, inflammatory markers, and histopathological damage while propagating body weight, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory markers following the paraquat-induced lung damage (P<0.05 to P<0.001). Interestingly, piperine and piperine+exercise training possessed stronger protective effects against paraquat-induced lung damage than exercise training alone (P<0.01 to 0.001). Treatment with piperine, exercise training, piperine+exercise training, and vitamin E significantly ameliorated paraquat-induced lung damage. Interestingly, the piperine and piperine+exercise training had more protective effects than other groups. Therefore, piperine and the combination of piperine and exercise training may be valuable candidates for preventing lung injuries.
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