Abstract
ABSTRACT This paper describes a further stage of the extension of the Ampere-Neumann electrodynamics. It examines the relationship between the three existing force laws for a pair of current elements and shows how all un-symmetries disappear when the elements form part of separate closed circuits. V. E. Neumann's proof of the equivalence of his and Ampere's formula is reproduced, as no translation of the original memoir appears to exist. By resolving the macroscopic circuit into its microscopic current-carrying elements it is shown, for the first time, that Neumann's force law holds for classical current elements of the same circuit. Two new and unexpected results have been obtained. The first predicts that forces acting between a pair of microscopic current elements should be indistinguishable from those occurring between a pair of excited diamagnetic atoms. This has an important bearing on the Meissner diamagnetism of super-conductors and persistent currents. Recognizing that the Neumann potential of a ...
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