The integrated technique of the rating of impellent abilities of sprinters at the stage of initial sports specialization

Abstract

The article discusses problems of sports selection of prospective children in track and field athletics. The article presents results of a longitudinal study of athletic sprinters in the age range of 12–14 years. The research goal is to provide a scientific basis for predicting motor abilities of sprint athletes at the stage of initial sports specialization. The object of research – educational and training process of short distance runners at the stage of initial sports specialization. The specific scientific methodology of this study is presented by research methods that provide reliable empirical material and its primary processing (analysis of scientific and methodological literature, questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, control and pedagogical tests, assessment of biological maturity, methods of psychophysiological testing, dermatoglyphic method, method of expert evaluation, methods of mathematical statistics). For the first time, a complex method of predicting the motor abilities of young runners at short distances was developed and tested. For the purpose of revealing the effectiveness of the developed method, a formative pedagogical experiment was carried out, in which 40 runners for short distances (boys) aged 12 years with normal rate of biological maturation took part. The study was conducted at the “Burevestnik-73” Children’s and Youth Education and Training Center (Vitebsk) and Children and Youth Sports School of Olympic Reserve № 2 of the Belarusian Physical Culture and Sports Society “Dynamo” (Minsk). According to the results of performances during the season 2018–2019 it was noted that the majority (72.56%) of winners and medalists of town, regional and national competitions are athletes from the experimental group with an assessment of the prospects of “above average”, “high”, while sprinters with an assessment of the prospects of “average”, “below average” and “low” in this number were not included. The results of the pedagogical experiment demonstrated the effectiveness of this method. It was noted that an objective assessment of the prospects of young athletes can be obtained only on the basis of comprehensive studies.