The Integrated Kinetic Energy Recoup Drive (i-KERD): An Optimized Powertrain for EVs, HEVs and FCEVs

Min Yang,Yuefeng Liao,Tao Wang,Chunji Guo,Chris Ellis

doi:10.3390/wevj13010008

Min Yang, Yuefeng Liao + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj13010008

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Abstract

In this paper, a particular form of flywheel hybrid powertrain, namely, the Integrated Kinetic Energy Recoup Drive (i-KERD) is fully explored and its applications for EVs, HEVs and FCEVs in recent years to show the energy-savings and performance enhancement potential of this innovative powertrain technology. It is shown that the i-KERD is a small highspeed flywheel integrated into an e-CVT, or power-split hybrid drive. Under NEDC or WLTC, typically it can achieve some 40% energy savings and >50% gain in 0–100 kph acceleration due to effective regenerative braking mechanism of the integrated flywheel power system. In addition to its “peak-shaving” capability, the highly-efficient, long-life flywheel power on-board, is able to keep the kinetic energy of the vehicle fully recycled, rather than dissipated during braking. The i-KERD technology has also been applied to urban railway transportation (i.e., underground railway) and off-road heavy construction equipment, where regenerative braking plays a great role on energy efficiency.

Highlights

Kinetic Energy Recoup DriveFlywheel hybrid powertrain, or flywheel power for short, is a new form of mechanicalelectrical hybrid powertrain system arising from the need to recover kinetic energy in road vehicles and other mobile heavy machinery equipment by use of a high-speed flywheel on-board and integrated into the powertrain system [1,2]
Unlike flywheel energy storage systems (ESSs), the high speed flywheels here are for short-term storage of the kinetic energy and a high level of braking power is desirable, making it possible to use small and simple flywheels for widespread application in electric/hybrid vehicles and heavy machinery equipment
This paper shows that through the application of the flywheel power system powertrain optimization and in particular, effective regenerative braking can be achieved

Summary

Introduction

Flywheel power for short, is a new form of mechanicalelectrical hybrid powertrain system arising from the need to recover kinetic energy in road vehicles and other mobile heavy machinery equipment by use of a high-speed flywheel on-board and integrated into the powertrain system [1,2]. Le Man. The technology has been recognized by more and more industry authority as the mainstream hybrid powertrain technology of next-generation energy-saving vehicle because of its excellent system efficiency, dynamic performance and cost-effectiveness. In December 2011, the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in the United States made public its full evaluation of the flywheel power technology It indicated that flywheel (i-KERD): An Optimized Powertrain for EVs, HEVs and FCEVs. World. Energy Re cup Drives (i-KERD) is fully explored and its applications for EVs, HEVs and FCEVs by the authors’ team in recent years covered to show the performance enhancement potential of this innovative powertrain technology [17,18,19]. EV, HEV and FCEV applications in prototype vehicular testings, and test results from a range-extended light truck will be presented and fully discussed in this paper

Operating Principles of the i-KERD System

Dynamic Torque Characteristic of the i-KERD System

Description of Various Applications of the i-KERD

Comparison of Electric

Conclusions