Abstract
An experiment was performed on the synthesis of organic substances from a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen on the surface of iron and cobalt, coated with carbide clusters, formed during processing at 573 K in an atmosphere of carbon monoxide. The obtained results indicate that the most likely direction of the formation of organic substances from mixtures of molecular hydrogen and carbon oxides is the thermal hydrogenation (radiation-thermal hydrogenation has a higher speed) at 300-573 K of carbide clusters covering the surface of metals. A significant fraction of organic matter on the Earth is formed during the solidification and cooling of the surface of a “hot” planet from 600 K to 300 K. Initiation by ionizing radiation creates the real condition for the highly endothermic processes of dissociation of water and carbon dioxide molecules, synthesis of new organic molecules and molecular oxygen. On a completely cooling up to 300 K planet this process continued by the vital activity of living organisms and during photosynthesis. The energy of quanta of visible light is much less than the energy of C=O bonds in the CO<sub>2</sub> molecule and the dissociation energy of the H-O bond in the H<sub>2</sub>O molecules. The value of the energy of gamma quanta emitted by the K40 isotope is many times higher than the value of the dissociation energy of the H-O and C=O bonds. The analysis of numerous samples of water, soil, vegetation, livestock products showed the presence of K<sup>40</sup> radioisotopes in all samples. The role of gamma radiation of K<sup>40</sup> radioisotope should be taken into account at comprehensive analysis of initial stage of photosynthesis. This conclusion is consistent with the revealed facts of increased plant yields on soils with relatively high concentrations of natural radioisotopes, observation of photosynthesis under thick layers of water in the presence of only long-wave infrared rays or in the absence of chlorophyll and oxygen.
Highlights
Studying the distribution of toxic elements in the soil is an urgent task to solve problems related to environmental safety
We concluded that for a complete description of the multistage processes photosynthesis, in addition to the biochemical mechanism shown in the scientific literature, the radiochemical mechanism of water and carbon dioxide molecules dissociation under the influence of gamma rays of natural isotopes, that we have proposed should be taken into account
The obtained results indicate that the most likely direction of the formation of organic substances from mixtures of molecular hydrogen and carbon oxides, the initiator of the appearance of life on Earth is the thermal hydrogenation at 300-573 K of carbide clusters covering the surface of metals
Summary
Studying the distribution of toxic elements in the soil is an urgent task to solve problems related to environmental safety. The accumulation of large amounts of harmful substances in the soil causes the risk of their entry into living organisms by translocation and migration paths along the soil-watervegetation chain [1, 2]. Studying the various forms of the presence of chemical elements in minerals, organic residues and emissions, soil colloids, determining the amount of oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, bicarbonates, nitrates, nitrites, sulfates, phosphates in soil samples allow us to estimate the ecological state of the soil. The increase in technogenic pressure on the environment, the processing of minerals by outdated technological processes and the consequent pollution of environmental objects with small amounts of xenobiotics can cause the formation of ecological crisis zones. There is a need for systematic measurements and studies to obtain results on the distribution of radionuclides in the soil, vegetation, water reservoirs. [2, 3]
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