Abstract
In this article, using the method of observation, the initial stages of mastering the communicative syntax and the genre system of the native language are analyzed. The material of observation is the speech of the child at the beginning of the third year of life. An analysis of the material made it possible to establish that at the age of two years and two months, the child’s speech competence enables them to form an idea of the presence of a certain number of speech genres opposed to each other by illocution, the past factor, the future factor and the type of discourse. Genres with expressive illocution are represented most diversely among the initiative utterances of the utilitarian-everyday discourse: different types of complaints, joy, sympathy, condemnation and etiquette forms of expressing emotions. Within the framework of a directive illocution, a request, a demand, and a question are distinguished. Genres of rejection and protest appear in the reciprocal remarks of the utilitarian-everyday discourse, and the genre of a joke appears in the cognitive-game discourse. The syntactic side of the utterances is heterogeneous; signs of narrative speech appear in three-word utterances. The prospect of the study is connected with testing the hypothesis that the syntax of asyndetic and compound sentences is formed in a child earlier than the syntax of a simple sentence.
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