Abstract
The dried fruit peel of pomegranate in Punicaceae family was fractionated chromatographically on Sephadex-LH-20 column .Gallic acid (trihydroxybenzoic acid) and its related galloyl esters such as gallotannin(i.e. β-penta-O-galloyl–D-glucose) were obtained homogenously. Different concentrations of gallic acid and gallotannin were used to determine their inhibitory effect on human serum cholinesterase. The enzyme activity was measured according to the method reported by the WHO .The inhibitory effect of these compounds on the activity of human serum cholinesterase have been studied in vitro .The inhibitory effect was remarkably clear with increasing concentration of gallic acid .Whereas galloyl ester showed no inhibitory effect. The inhibition with gallic acid indicates a noncompetitive pattern. Therefore, we can not recommended gallic acid and its related compounds , as preservative substances in food industry or in pharmacological preparations since they might have some side effect on certain biological systems..
 Key words: Gallic acid , gallotannin , Human Serum Cholinesterase .
Highlights
Phenolic compounds are secondary plant products which rarely occur in the free state in living plant tissue
The enzyme activity was measured according to the method reported by the WHO .The inhibitory effect of these compounds on the activity of human serum cholinesterase have been studied in vitro .The inhibitory effect was remarkably clear with increasing concentration of gallic acid
Chromatographic results for the fractions of the extract to detect the phenolic substances as compared with authentic compounds (Tables-1 and- 2) showed that fraction 2 was identified as gallic acid, whereas fraction 6 identified as gallotannin . the u.v. light detection,various sprays, melting points and elemental analysis were applied to identify these compounds
Summary
Phenolic compounds are secondary plant products which rarely occur in the free state in living plant tissue. The biological activation of gallic acid and its related galloyl esters have not yet been studied widely regarding their effect on enzymes. Many plant species native to Iraq are known to contain certain chemical compounds which exert their effects on different biological system within the cellular level such as enzymes(17-19). These complex substances are usually occur as a mixture of polyphenols that are difficult to separate because they do not crystallize , the application of some chromatographic methods has enabled to confirm the complicated nature of these polyphenolic extracts and to identify the simple phenols present in small amounts in such mixtures(20,21). Aim of this work was conducted to study the effect of gallic acid and its related glucose esters such as gallotannins on human serum cholinesterase in vitro
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