The inhibition of a plant proteinase by lysine copolymers is modulated by the hydrophobicity of the interposed amino acid side chains

Abstract

One Lys/Phe copolymer and two series of copolymers of lysine with either alanine or tyrosine have been used as inhibitors of a plant proteinase that is known to be inhibited by polycationic inhibitors. The copolymers differ in the hydrophobicity of the non-lysine amino acid residue and the single members of each series differ from each other in their degree of polymerization and in their charge density, i.e., the frequency of occurrence of the lysine residue in the synthetic polyamino acid chain. All the tested copolymers show cooperative inhibition, with a Hill coefficient higher than 1. CD measurements indicate that the inhibition is realized through a conformational change of the enzyme molecule. Both the enzyme inhibition and the conformational change are supported by aspecific electrostatic binding between the positively charged groups of the lysine moiety and the negatively charged groups of the enzyme surface. In each series the inhibitory power increases with the charge density, while at the same charge density the inhibitory efficiency depends on the hydrophobicity of the side chain of the non-lysine amino acid in the order Phe>Tyr>Ala.