Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the influence of ultra-processed food consumption on anthropometric and atherogenic indices. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 327 adolescents aged 14 to 19 years. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, biochemical, and food consumption data were evaluated. The ratios of atherogenic indices were calculated using the Castelli I (Total Cholesterol/High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol), Castelli II (Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol/High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol), and estimated Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol particle size (Atherogenic Index of Plasma=Triglycerides/High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol) indices. Logistic regression was used for the unadjusted and adjusted analysis between ultra-processed foods consumption, anthropometric, and atherogenic indices. The level of significance was 5%. Results Most participants were female (59.3%). Girls had a higher consumption of ultra-processed foods (26.6% vs. 20.5%). Of the total number of adolescents, 16.5% were overweight and 65.7% were from public schools. Adolescents with altered values for the Castelli I and II Index, and for the Atherogenic Index of Plasma had significantly higher weights, Waist Circumference, Waist Circumference/ Height and Body Mass Index/ Age values. The adjusted analysis identified a significant association (Odds ratio=2.29; 95% Confidence interval: 1.23-4.28) between the high consumption of ultra-processed foods and the Castelli II index. Conclusion The associations between atherogenic indices and anthropometric indices and the consumption of ultra-processed foods highlight the negative influence of these foods on adolescents’ cardiovascular health.
Highlights
Lipid changes and excess weight are risk factors for the development of Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD)
Girls had a higher consumption of ultra-processed foods (26.6% vs. 20.5%)
Plasma lipid control is associated with CVD prevention, whose major risk factors are related to changes in Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), and High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-c) and Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-c) particle size (Atherogenic Index of Plasma, AIP)
Summary
Lipid changes and excess weight are risk factors for the development of Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD). Plasma lipid control is associated with CVD prevention, whose major risk factors are related to changes in Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), and High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-c) and Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-c) particle size (Atherogenic Index of Plasma, AIP). Major changes in the food patterns of developing countries involve the replacement of natural/minimally processed foods of vegetable origin and culinary preparations based on such foods with ready-to-eat industrialized products. These changes have led to an unbalanced nutrient supply and excessive consumption of calories, favoring lipid changes [5,6]
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