The influence of the spring activator on the mobility of the lower jaw in traumatically injured patients.

Abstract

For functional rehabilitation and improvement of mandibular mobility, 14 patients with dislocated collum or collum fracture dislocations were treated with a spring activator after surgical-conservative treatment. With an interincisal distance of < 12 mm, therapy was started with a loop spring. The average age of the patients was 26.6 years. Eight patients showed additional traumatic injuries, 2 patients were seriously polytraumatically injured. The clinical investigations referring to the maximum mouth opening and maximal interincisal distance resulted in a good to very good functional rehabilitation in all cases. The average maximal interincisal distance of 31.7 mm at the beginning of the spring activator therapy could be increased to 47.3 mm. The largest increase of the maximal interincisal distance was observed after 4 weeks of therapy. The type of reaction, however, differed interindividually. Three patients showed a spontaneous improvement of the interincisal distance within the first 2 to 3 weeks of removal of intermaxillary fixation, whereas 7 patients showed no improvement or only slightly improved values until insertion of the spring activator. An enlargement of the interincisal distance could be achieved in almost every patient within a relatively short period of time despite a drastically reduced mouth opening. Consequently, because of its mode of action in the form of a neuromuscular influence, the spring activator is especially suitable for the functional rehabilitation of patients with fractures of the condylar process.