The influence of the plasma-nitriding temperature on the microstructure evolution and surface properties of additive-manufactured 18Ni300 maraging steel

Abstract

Maraging steel grade18Ni300 produced by powder bed fusion (PBF) in its as built condition was plasma nitrided at three different temperatures. The aim of the work was to investigate the impact of the nitriding temperature on the microstructural changes as well as on the surface properties such as hardness, wear and corrosion resistance. The microstructural features in the bulk as well as in the nitride layer were investigated using electron-backscatter diffraction (EBSD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The bulk microstructure consists of martensite with a small amount of retained austenite, the amount of which increases with a higher nitriding temperature. The nitriding process also causes the formation of precipitates and can therefore also act as an aging treatment. A specific lamellar structure occurs on the surface during the nitriding process, which in the majority of cases consists of the Fe4N phase. The retained austenite also transforms during nitriding to the nitride phase Fe4N. It was found that nitriding at higher temperatures leads to the formation of cracks in the nitride layer. The crack formation is related to nano and micro segregation during the LPBF. These segregations lead to austenite formation, which also takes place along the grain boundaries and transforms during nitriding to Fe4N. Higher nitriding temperatures lead to a thicker nitride compound layer and to better wear resistance. The impact of the cracks on the static mechanical properties is negligible. However, the corrosion resistance is governed by the formation of cracks at higher nitriding temperatures.