The influence of technology elements on the structure of the winter wheat crop in the conditions of the steppe zone of the Republic of Alania

Abstract

Relevance. One of the most important elements of modern agricultural technologies in agriculture is the use of growth regulators on crops. The use of growth regulators is considered as an environmentally friendly and cost-effective way to increase crop productivity, contributing to a more complete realization of the potential of winter wheat.Methods. Experimental studies were conducted in the experimental fields of the North Caucasus Research Institute of Mountain and Foothill Agriculture of the VNC RAS, which are located in the steppe zone of Mozdoksky district, in 2019-2021. The soils are represented by pre-Caucasian powerful and medium-power carbonate chernozem. Records and observations were carried out according to generally accepted methods described in the “Educational and Methodological guide for conducting research in agronomy”.Results. As a result of the research, the influence of the studied factors (seeding rate, various doses of growth regulator) on the formation of plant standing density was noted. According to the Homer and Bagrat varieties, the best option is the Edagum CM variant (450 ml/ha), and the optimal seeding rate is 5 mln/ha (Homer variety) and 4 mln/ha (Bagrat variety). The greatest difference between the studied variants was noted in the phases: exit into the tube, earing, milk ripeness. At the end of the spring tillering phase, the height of plants depending on the dose of the growth regulator and the seeding rate (Homer variety) it ranged between 23.1-29.1 cm, in the phase of entering the tube — 40.6-54.3 cm, earing — 64.8-76.2 cm, milk ripeness of grain — 68.3-77.1 cm. The advantage was characterized by a variant of Edagum CM (450 ml/ha) with a seeding rate of 5 mln/ha for both varieties. During the spring tillering phase, the total bushiness for the studied variants (Homer varieties) varied between 1.98-2.69, and for the Bagrat variety — 1.91-2.64. In the later phases of vegetation, the number of shoots begins to decrease, and by milk ripeness, productive bushiness according to the studied variants was from 1.13 to 1.24 (Homer variety) and from 1.06 to 1.21 (Bagrat variety). A positive effect on the bushiness of the drug Edagum CM at a dose of 450 ml/ha was noted.