The influence of single-species crops and their grass mixes on the grass species composition

Abstract

When creating artificial phytocoenoses, the main task is to create optimal conditions for growth and development, in accordance with the needs of each type of cultivated plants, which would ensure the highest productivity of the group during the entire period of use of herbs and the production of high quality and cheap feed for public livestock breeding. In order to successfully solve the problem of regulating the composition of agrophytocenoses in scientific and practical buckling, it is important to know how the relations between plants in the process of their joint growth and development occurs, which changes take place in the botanical composition not only in species groups, but also in single-species crops of grasses on the eroded slope of steepness 6–7о on the basis of Rivne Institute of Agro-Industrial Production of the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Ukraine. The results of research showed that it is economically expedient to grow grass-legume grass mixtures with a longer period of productive longevity using the low nitrogen fertilizer rates, which contributes to the formation of phytocenosis, in which valuable species of cereal and perennial bean grasses (beetroot grass and alfalfa sowing). The positive effect on the species composition of the grass was slight mowing in the phase of tubing. The results of the research showed that for the production of grass-legume grass, the hay-grass-free use should be sown with grass mixtures, the following herbs were added to the composition: alfalfa sowed (4.4 million pounds per hectare) + long beetroot horned (4.4 million pounds per hectare) + bromus inermis (3.4 million pounds per hectare) + lolium perenne (3.4 million pounds per hectare) of conditioned seeds that affect the species composition of the grass during the growing season. On the basis of the conducted researches it was established that the analysis of the species composition of the herb shows that the quantitative correlation of the species varied over the years, mainly from the biological characteristics of herbs that were part of the grass mixture. The percentage of sown species of grasses has grown with the age of grass. The results of researches, which showed that in four component grass mixtures, in the fertilization of grass with complete mineral fertilizers in the norm N60P60K90, dominant legume perennial grasses – beetroot horn (25.0%), alfalfa seed (30.9%), and cereals – stokolos seamless (21.7%) and Lolium multiflorum (13.0%). In a small number, during the years of research, self-seedling appeared timothy bean (2.0%), non-infected cereals (4.0%) and herbs – 3.4%. During the years of research on varieties, which were planted with alfalfa seed and beetroot, bean herbs predominated. The percentage of hare cattle was 88.5%, alfalfa seeded 91.4%.