The influence of seeding rates on the yield of pea grain in the conditions of the Pre-Ural steppe of the Republic of Bashkortostan

Abstract

Relevance. Leguminous crops are the main source of vegetable protein in the world, among which pea is the most common in Russia. Among agrotechnical practices, the seeding rate plays an important role in forming the yield of this crop and obtaining high and stable grain yields. The purpose of the work is to study the influence of various seed sowing rates on the yield of pea varieties in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The experiments were carried out in the conditions of the Pre-Ural steppe subzone in 2017–2020. Pea varieties Chishminskiy 95, Chishminskiy 229, Pamyati Khangilʼdina, Pamyati Popova served as the material for the study.Methods. Sowing qualities of seeds were determined in accordance with GOST 12038-84, GOST 10968-88, GOST 12042-80, GOST 12036-85. Field assessments, phenological observations were carried out according to the methodology of the State cultivar testing of agricultural crops.Results. In our experiments, different conditions of moisture supply, illumination and nutrition of pea plants, due to different seeding rates, had a significant impact on the grain yield in the studied varieties. The increase in the number of plants preserved for harvesting, which depends on their survival and the number of seedlings, was accompanied by an increase in yield. It has been established that pea varieties Chishminskiy 95, Chishminskiy 229, Pamyati Khangilʼdina and Pamyati Popova form the highest and most stable grain yields at early sowing dates with a seeding rate of 1.2 million pieces of germinating seeds per 1 ha. With a decrease in the seeding rate, the weediness of crops increases, and with an increase in the seeding rate, pea plants experience a lack of moisture and nutrients, which leads to a decrease in yield by 0.4–1.0 c/ha.