Abstract
Background Chrononutrition studies on interaction of diet/nutrients on endogenous circadian clocks and meal timing on metabolic homeostasis may be of importance in the management of nocturnal polyuria (NP), owing to loss of circadian rhythm in nighttime urination. Dietary salt restriction is an increasingly popular lifestyle recommendation for NP patients. Aim This study aims to evaluate the effect of an acute salt load on diuresis and to study the phenomenon of salt sensitivity. Methodology. Young, healthy men (n = 21, fasted and sober) ingested 500 ml of water on the control day and 8 g and 12 g of salt with water (500 ml) on two other days. Blood and urine samples were collected at 0 hrs, 2 hrs, and 4 hrs and voided volumes were recorded. Diuresis, serum and urine osmolality, sodium, potassium, urea, and creatinine were measured. Salt sensitivity was determined based on the rate of sodium excretion. Results Compared to 8 g, ingestion of 12 g of salt significantly increased diuresis after 4 hrs. Pure water load induced fast diuresis, whereas salt and water load initially reduced diuresis and promoted late increase in diuresis. The total voided volume was significantly lower in the salt sensitive individuals. Conclusion Taken together, salt sensitivity profile and type and time of fluid intake are important considerations to build effective personalized lifestyle recommendations for NP patients, which needs further investigation.
Highlights
A wide range of biological and physiological functions in the body follow circadian rhythms, which are orchestrated by the circadian clocks present in many organs and cells, including brain, kidney, and bladder [1]
One of the main findings of our study is that, in healthy young men, an acute high salt load (12 g) increased diuresis significantly compared to a moderate salt load (8 g), but the effect on diuresis was delayed by 4 hrs after ingestion. e total voided volume was significantly lower in the salt-sensitive phenotype, reflecting the subjects with a low rate of sodium excretion
We demonstrated that in healthy young men, an acute high-salt load significantly increased diuresis compared to a moderate salt load, with a delay in diuresis effect by 4 hrs
Summary
A wide range of biological and physiological functions in the body follow circadian rhythms, which are orchestrated by the circadian clocks present in many organs and cells, including brain, kidney, and bladder [1]. Is area of “Chrononutrition” may be of importance in the management of nocturia, in relation to loss of circadian rhythm in urine production [5]. Nighttime voiding in healthy humans is regulated through circadian rhythms, by decreasing brain arousal and kidney urine production rate, whilst increasing functional bladder capacity, which all three combined, prevents nocturnal micturition. Chrononutrition studies on interaction of diet/nutrients on endogenous circadian clocks and meal timing on metabolic homeostasis may be of importance in the management of nocturnal polyuria (NP), owing to loss of circadian rhythm in nighttime urination. Salt sensitivity profile and type and time of fluid intake are important considerations to build effective personalized lifestyle recommendations for NP patients, which needs further investigation
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