The Influence of Rootstock and High-Density Planting on Apple cv. Auksis Fruit Quality.

Kristina Laužikė,Nobertas Uselis,Giedrė Samuolienė

doi:10.3390/plants10061253

Kristina Laužikė, Nobertas Uselis + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10061253

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Abstract

Global demand for food is increasing each year, but the area of land suitable for farming is limited. Thus, there is a need to grow not only larger quantities of food but also higher quality food products in the same area. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of rootstock and high-density orchards on cv. Auksis fruit quality. Two rootstocks were selected for this experiment, P 22 super dwarfing and P 60 dwarfing. Apple trees cv. Auksis were planted in the year 2001 in single rows spaced 1.00 m, 0.75 m, and 0.50 m, apart with 3 m between rows. High-density planting and rootstock combination was found to have no significant effect on sugar accumulation and most of the elements in apple fruits. However, super dwarfing P 22 rootstock accumulated significantly higher (up to 45%) content of organic acids and up to 33%–44% lower DPPH free radical scavering activity compared to P 60 dwarfing rootstock. After summarizing the obtained results, apples which accumulated the most antioxidants (according to the activity of phenolic compounds, DPPH• and ABTS•), magnesium, and potassium were collected from cv. Auksis apple trees which was grafted on super dwarfing P 22 rootstock and planted at 3 × 0.75 m distances.

Highlights

Plants 2021, 10, 1253. https://Global demand for food is increasing each year, but the area of land suitable for farming is limited
Basic fruit sugars were not significantly affected either by the rootstock or by the planting scheme, the sorbitol content in the fruit increased in P 22 super-dwarfing rootstock up to 45% compared to the P 60 dwarfing rootstock (Table S1)
MM 106 rootstock increased carbohydrate accumulation compared to M 9 rootstock [29], and super dwarfing P 22 rootstock increased sorbitol, glucose, and fructose accumulation compared to dwarfing rootstocks M 9, M 26, P 67, and

Summary

Introduction

Global demand for food is increasing each year, but the area of land suitable for farming is limited. Land degradation leads to smaller areas suitable for good yields [1]. There is a need to grow larger quantities of food and higher quality food products in the same area. High quality products reduce the quantitative mass requirements, as more nutrients can be obtained from the same amount. We can use trees to grow valuable and high-quality food [2]. Trees can be used to stop the processes of land degradation and preserve its productivity. Over the last five years, world apple yields have ranged from 83 to 87 million tons per year. In 2019, apples ranked second after bananas among fruits in terms of the highest yields [3]

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