The Influence of Root Zone Temperature on Photosynthetic Acclimation to Elevated Carbon Dioxide Concentrations

Abstract

Soybean (Glycine max‘Clark’) was grown from germination to 21 d after sowing (DAS) at ambient (∼360 μmol mol−1) or elevated (∼720 μmol mol−1) carbon dioxide (CO2) at either one of two soil temperatures, 25 or 30 °C to determine the influence of root zone temperature on root growth and photosynthetic stimulation at ambient and elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide. Although the photosynthetic rate became less stimulate over time, a significant stimulation of whole plant photosynthesis and plant dry weight was observed at the elevated CO2concentration during the experimental period irrespective of soil temperature. At neither carbon dioxide concentration did the warmer soil temperature (30 °C) stimulate whole plant growth compared to a soil temperature of 25 °C, but it did increase root growth relative to shoot (top) growth with a subsequent increase in root/shoot ratio. Increasing soil temperature at either carbon dioxide concentration also significantly stimulated whole plant photosynthetic rate. However, the degree of stimulation was reduced with time irrespective of carbon dioxide concentration so that at 21 DAS no difference in photosynthesis between ambient and elevated soil temperatures was observed. Data from this experiment indicate that for soybean, a higher soil temperature stimulates root/shoot ratio and enhances photosynthetic response to elevated carbon dioxide in the short-term (i.e. days), but increasing root/shoot ratios does not provide a satisfactory explanation of long-term stimulation of photosynthesis at elevated levels of carbon dioxide.