Abstract
Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) comprises removed pavement materials containing high-quality aggregates and asphalt which can be recycled as materials for new pavement construction. It is removed continually for reconstruction, resurfacing, and maintenance purposes, and if not recycled will become waste. This paper determines the influence of using different RAP percentages and asphalt content in warm mix asphalt on the Marshall test results for asphalt concrete binder course (AC-BC) using Retona Blend 55. The percentages of RAP are determined by analyzing the gradation of the existing aggregates in RAP and adding virgin aggregates so that it meets the standard gradation for AC-BC specified by the Ministry of Public Works and Housing. The RAP percentages in the asphalt mixes in this study are 35%, 45%, and 51.55% of total aggregates, while the asphalt contents are 5%, 6%, and 7% of the total mix. To determine the influence of RAP percentage and asphalt content, and to discover if there is any influence from the interaction between these two factors, the analysis is performed using a factorial design. The results of this study show that variation in RAP percentages in the mix has no significant influence on stability, flow, and Marshall quotient, but there is significant influence on void in mineral aggregates (VMA), void in mix (VIM), and void filled with asphalt (VFA). Correlations of 97.5%, 80%, and 95.1%, respectively show that increase in RAP percentage increases VMA and VIM and decreases VFA. The interaction between RAP percentage and asphalt content has no significant influence on Marshall test results.
Highlights
Flexible pavement is the most widely used type of pavement
This study aims to find out the influence of Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) percentage and asphalt content in the mixture on the Marshall test results for the warm mix asphalt’ (WMA)-RAP in the asphalt concrete binder course (AC-BC) layer
Marshall tests were carried out to determine stability, flow, Marshall quotient, void in mineral aggregates, void in mix and void filled with asphalt
Summary
Flexible pavement is the most widely used type of pavement. In 2016, the length of paved roads in Indonesia was 287,926 km and the length of such roads in the country is increasing yearly [1]. The frequent use of flexible pavement causes demand for aggregates and asphalt. Both materials are non-renewable, so the use of virgin materials will continuously diminish the supply of these two resources. Alternative sources such as recycled asphalt are needed to reduce the use of new materials [2]. Asphalt mixing in Indonesia is still often done at hot temperatures, known as ‘hot mix asphalt’ (HMA). In this study asphalt mixing was carried out at warm temperatures, known as ‘warm mix asphalt’ (WMA), a method that is more environmentally friendly [3]
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