The Influence of Prolonged Acetylsalicylic Acid Supplementation-Induced Gastritis on the Neurochemistry of the Sympathetic Neurons Supplying Prepyloric Region of the Porcine Stomach.

Katarzyna Palus,Jarosław Całka,Michael Bader

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0143661

Katarzyna Palus, Jarosław Całka + Show 1 more

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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0143661

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Journal: PloS one	Publication Date: Nov 25, 2015
Citations: 15	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn

Abstract

This experiment was designed to establish the localization and neurochemical phenotyping of sympathetic neurons supplying prepyloric area of the porcine stomach in a physiological state and during acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) induced gastritis. In order to localize the sympathetic perikarya the stomachs of both control and acetylsalicylic acid treated (ASA group) animals were injected with neuronal retrograde tracer Fast Blue (FB). Seven days post FB injection, animals were divided into a control and ASA supplementation group. The ASA group was given 100 mg/kg of b.w. ASA orally for 21 days. On the 28th day all pigs were euthanized with gradual overdose of anesthetic. Then fourteen-micrometer-thick cryostat sections were processed for routine double-labeling immunofluorescence, using primary antisera directed towards tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine β-hydroxylase (DβH), neuropeptide Y (NPY), galanin (GAL), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), leu 5-enkephalin (LENK), cocaine- and amphetamine- regulated transcript peptide (CART), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). The data obtained in this study indicate that postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers supplying prepyloric area of the porcine stomach originate from the coeliac-cranial mesenteric ganglion complex (CCMG). In control animals, the FB-labelled neurons expressed TH (94.85 ± 1.01%), DβH (97.10 ± 0.97%), NPY (46.88 ± 2.53%) and GAL (8.40 ± 0.53%). In ASA group, TH- and DβH- positive nerve cells were reduced (85.78 ± 2.65% and 88.82 ± 1.63% respectively). Moreover, ASA- induced gastritis resulted in increased expression of NPY (76.59 ± 3.02%) and GAL (26.45 ± 2.75%) as well as the novo-synthesis of nNOS (6.13 ± 1.11%) and LENK (4.77 ± 0.42%) in traced CCMG neurons. Additionally, a network of CART-, CGRP-, SP-, VIP-, LENK-, nNOS- immunoreactive (IR) nerve fibers encircling the FB-positive perikarya were observed in both intact and ASA-treated animals. The results of this study indicate involvement of these neuropeptides in the development or presumably counteraction of gastric inflammation.

Highlights

The past thirty years have shown increasingly rapid advances in studies of innervation of the gastrointestinal tract
The application of antibodies against neuropeptide Y depicted, that NPY immunolabeling was found in 46.88 ± 2.53% of the Fast Blue (FB)- labelled perikarya (Fig 1E, 1F, 1G and 1H)
Histopathological evaluation of fragments of the wall of gastric prepyloric region disclosed microscopic changes such as: hyperaemia of the mucosa, deep erosions, foliculosis, proliferation of neutrophiles and eosinophilic infiltration extending into the submucosa (Fig 4A, 4B, 4C and 4D). This is the first report demonstrating exact localization, morphology and chemical coding of sympathetic neurons projecting to prepyloric area of the porcine stomach

Summary

Introduction

The past thirty years have shown increasingly rapid advances in studies of innervation of the gastrointestinal tract. Recent investigations have revealed that sympathetic ganglia are centers of nervous integration and the possession of important properties by their neurons. Among others they include convergence of central impulses, projection of visceral impulses at the pre- and post-synaptic levels, accessing/allowing for the central fibers of visceral protection and pacemaker activity [6, 7]. Sympathetic postganglionic neurons that supply the gastrointestinal tract do not directly influence on its functions but exert their effects through the ENS [8, 9], or constrict the arteries that supply the digestive organ [10]. The stomach function is mediated and modulated by plenty of neuronal transmitters and neuropeptides, which play a role in the regulation of motility, acid secretion, hormone release, local blood flow and mucosal defence mechanisms [3]

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