Abstract
This paper deals with the topic of power quality in a local distribution grid. It is aimed to analyze the individual influences, which aggravate the power quality of the distribution grid. Based on the analysis, the most adverse effects were determined, and they were the voltage drops and supply voltage interruptions, supply voltage unbalance, load power factor, and also higher harmonics. These influences cause the technical losses in a distribution grid, which subsequently have a financial impact not only on the distribution, but also on the transmission of electricity. Only the load voltage unbalance, the load power factor, and the higher harmonics, which mainly cause the technical losses, were analyzed in this paper. The measurement of the influences of the adverse effects was performed on the model of a 22-kV distribution grid. The measurement was performed on the basis of three types of power line conductors and their different lengths, three types of active power consumption, and the different values of these adverse effects. According to this measurement, a simulation in program Matlab-Simulink was created. This simulation represented part of a 22-kV distribution grid, which was influenced by the abovementioned adverse effects. The results of the measurements were compared with the results of the simulation. Based on the evaluation of the technical losses from the measurement and the simulation, the financial losses during a certain period were calculated for the distribution system operators.
Highlights
The world is constantly affected by modernization
active power losses (APLs) and financial losses per year for the aluminium conductor steel reinforced (ACSR) 70/11 are shown in Tables 5 and 6 for the length of 20 km and 40 km, respectively
This paper deals with the determination of APLs in a 22-kV distribution grid caused by adverse effects (AEs)
Summary
The world is constantly affected by modernization. Increasing emphasis is being placed on reducing the consumption of mineral resources and on reducing the adverse effects (AEs) on the environment. Electrical energy is the key commodity in modern society It does power our laptops, televisions, radios, and other appliances, but it provides us with many of the basic items for living and comfort, such as heating, cooling, and lighting, and it facilitates economic growth. In low-voltage (LV) and medium-voltage (MV) networks, the voltage dip/swell and interruption, voltage unbalance, power factor of the fundamental frequency of electrical energy consumption (PF), and the higher harmonic orders were considered the most important AEs. Thanks to the present study, a part of the individual components of the technical PL in relation to the measured PQ in a local distribution grid can be determined. The study is interesting for distribution system operators in relation to the financial costs reduction for covering the PL in electrical energy transmission
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