Abstract
Effects of nitrogen additions (0.05–0.18%) as well as of grain size on the tensile yield strength (0.2% proof stress) in annealed conditions were investigated for an austenitic stainless steel Type AISI 316L in the temperature range 20–600°C. It was found that the total strengthening contribution from N is composed of two parts, one grain-size independent and the other strongly grain-size dependent. The former is markedly thermal in this temperature interval and should be attributed to a true solid-solution hardening. The latter appears as a pronounced a thermal increase in the grain-size coefficient in the Petch-Hall relation with increasing N content. Thus, in the temperature range 20–600°C, the total strengthening effect from a given addition of N is grain-size dependent, and in fact increases strongly with decreasing grain size. An important consequence of this remarkable behaviour of N is that a comparatively high yield strength, even at elevated temperatures, is achievable through a combination of nitrogen alloying and grain refinement.
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