Abstract
Abstract Aim: This study investigated whether the difference anthropometric of swimmers pre- and post-menarche influence the motor performance of a 100-m freestyle swimming test. Methods: Twenty-five female swimmers participated in this study, nine swimmers have not had menarche (age 11.7 ± 0.63), and sixteen swimmers already have had it (age 15.17 ± 1.36). Body composition (skinfold thickness), anthropometrical parameters (height and weight), and biological age (Tanner self-assessment) were measured. A univariate and multivariate linear regression analysis was run to assess which personal or anthropometric variable predicts the motor performance (time trial) on a 100-m freestyle swimming test in pre- and post-menarche participants. As well, it was performed a Pearson’s correlation test between the maturational status on Tanner self-assessment and the motor performance. Results: Post-menarche swimmers demonstrated better motor performance than pre-menarche swimmers. Anthropometric characteristics did not predict the motor performance of pre-menarche swimmers. Age, height, and weight predicted 47.8% of the motor performance of post-menarche swimmers. The Tanner classification demonstrated a strong negative correlation with swimming performance. Conclusion: Anthropometric characteristics only impacted the motor performance of post-menarche swimmers.
Highlights
The process of biological maturation induces critical morphofunctional transitions across the adolescence period
We aimed to investigate the influence of maturational and morphological status on the performance in the 100-m freestyle swimming of competitive teenagers
The T-test revealed a significant difference between pre- and post-menarche participants regarding Time Trial, with post-menarche participants demonstrating a better motor performance than pre-menarche participants
Summary
The process of biological maturation induces critical morphofunctional transitions across the adolescence period. This process influences the anthropometric characteristics such as height, body fat, and muscle mass, affecting the physical and motor performance[1,2]. Some studies have demonstrated that a lower body fat percentage is a strong predictor of delay in menarche occurrence[1]. In this sense, the high volume of physical training imposed on female teenagers athletes can induce alterations in the body weight and composition, delaying the female sexual maturation process and, the menarche occurrence[7,8]
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