The Influence of Islamic Financial Literacy, Islamic Financial Inclusion, and Financial Behavior on the Investment Decisions of Generation Z in West Java

The Islamic financial literacy and inclusion index in Indonesia is still relatively low. Based on data from the Financial Services Authority (OJK) in 2019 shows that the level of Islamic financial literacy is only around 8.93% and the level of Islamic financial inclusion just only around 9.1%. The low of public access to the banking will be quickly resolved by combining financial services and products using the latest technology. These efforts needs to be made, because the 5.0 industrial revolution makes it easier for people to access all information using smartphones that are connected to the internet. This decision will be a great opportunity for the Islamic finance industry to innovate digitally. The author offers digital innovation to accommodate these opportunities through the “CONTREN: (Connected Sharia Economic of Pesantren)” application which focuses on ZISWAF transactions (Zakat, Infaq, Shadaqah, Waqf) equipped with supporting features that can be enjoyed by all groups of people. The main purpose of writing this scientific paper is to analyze the normative picture of the potential for digitizing Islamic philanthropy in Madura. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method that explains the suitability of the features in the "CONTREN" application with the standardization of sharia financial contracts that not contain elements of maysir, gharar, tadlis, ikhtikar and usury, analyzes the implications of this digital application on literacy and sharia financial inclusion. The method of data collection in this study used secondary data obtained from literature and documentaries that had been processed. The results of the study indicate that the "CONTREN" digital innovation is in accordance with the concept of standardization of sharia financial contracts, and has great potential to be implemented. The conclusion obtained shows that the "CONTREN" innovation can increase Islamic financial literacy and inclusion in order to increase public accessibility to Islamic financial products.
 Keywords: Digitalization, Financial Inclusion, Financial Literacy, Islamic Boarding School, ZISWAF

Islamic financial inclusion is the openness of providing access and use of a variety of convenient and affordable financial services by sharia. In supporting the realization of the Sharia financial inclusion target and the Indonesian Sharia Banking Development Roadmap (RPSI) for 2020-2025, Bank Syariah Indonesia strives for customer convenience and comfort by providing access to various products and services digitally. The research method uses a type of qualitative descriptive research with a library research method. The types of data used are primary data and secondary, primary data obtained from BSI's official website and result reports, secondary data obtained from other people's research, documentation data, and studies relevant to this study. The purpose of the study was to determine 1) the level of financial literacy index and Islamic financial inclusion index in Indonesia. 2) to recognize Bank Syariah Indonesia's efforts in seeking Sharia financial inclusion targets and the Indonesian Sharia Banking Development Roadmap (RPSI) for 2020-2025. The results showed that the level of Islamic financial literacy and inclusion index in 2022 increased to 9.14% and 12.12% from the previous 8.93% and 9.10%

Currently, there are still heated discussions regarding the low level of sharia financial literacy and inclusion, which causes a lack of competitiveness. At the same time, Indonesia is entering an era of demographic bonus, which can be seen from the large number of millennial generations and a Muslim population of 237.56 million people (86.7% of the total population). This research uses a quantitative approach with survey methods to collect data from a sample of the millennial generation in Indonesia. The research instrument is a questionnaire designed to measure the level of Islamic financial literacy and use of Islamic financial products and services. Data analysis was carried out using the SmartPLS tool to test the relationship between Islamic financial literacy and Islamic financial inclusion. The validity and reliability of the instrument were tested before data collection to ensure the accuracy of the research results. The research results show that there is a positive and significant relationship between Islamic financial literacy and Islamic financial inclusion. Millennials with a high level of Islamic financial literacy tend to be more active in using sharia financial products and services. This research has important implications for stakeholders, including governments, financial institutions, and educational organizations, to strengthen Islamic financial literacy programs to encourage wider participation in the Islamic financial system.

Islamic financial literacy and financial inclusion are important for improving the living condition of people. Combination of Islamic financial literacy understanding and high financial inclusion index will affect the behavioral ability of people in making financial planning. In Indonesia, Islamic financial literacy and inclusion are still low, not only for youngsters but also among adults. Even though good knowledge and access to Islamic finance will help millennials to be able to identify financial products and services as their financial planning. The aim of this study is to describe the influence of Islamic financial literacy and financial inclusion on financial planning by using financial behaviour as a intervening variable. This study is descriptive quantitative research. 96 respondents are involved in the study directly through a survey method. This study used 2 (two) stages of analysis. The first stage is to find the level of respondent Islamic financial literacy. The last stage is path analysis to determine the influence of each variable. Analysis results have shown that Islamic financial literacy has no direct impact on financial planning. However, Islamic financial literacy and financial inclusion have a significant impact on financial behaviour. Furthermore, the financial behaviour has mediated the relationship between Islamic financial literacy and financial inclusion with financial planning. It shows this affects toward financial planning is 26,4%.

This study aims to determine the index of Islamic financial literacy and inclusion in Islamic boarding schools with a case study at RMI NU DKI Jakarta and analyze the effect of Islamic financial literacy and inclusion on welfare proxied by Maqashid Sharia. Primary data analyzed with descriptive statistics to measure the Islamic financial literacy and inclusion index; and SEM-PLS to analyze the effect of Islamic financial literacy and inclusion on welfare proxied by Maqashid Sharia. The results showed that 34% of respondents had Islamic financial literacy and inclusion index well-literate, 57% in sufficient literate, and 9% in less literate. Islamic financial literacy has a significant positive effect on welfare proxied by Maqashid Sharia. Meanwhile, Islamic financial inclusion has a positive but insignificant effect. The government and Islamic financial institutions must increase the socialization of Islamic financial literacy in Islamic boarding schools and increase access to finance by adequate supporting infrastructure.

The advancement of digital technology has transformed the landscape of financial services globally, including in the Islamic finance sector. Amid the rapid pace of digitalization, Islamic financial inclusion has become a strategic agenda to promote public access to financial products and services based on Sharia principles. However, the low level of Islamic financial literacy remains a significant obstacle in achieving optimal inclusion. This study aims to analyze the effect of Islamic financial literacy on Islamic financial inclusion in the digital era, with a case study in Pringsewu Regency. The research employs a quantitative approach through a survey of 400 purposively selected respondents. Regression analysis results indicate that Islamic financial literacy has a positive and significant effect on the level of digital Islamic financial inclusion, with a regression coefficient value of 0.705 and a significance level of 0.000. These findings suggest that improving literacy regarding Islamic financial products, contracts (akad), and fundamental values can strengthen public participation in the digital Islamic finance ecosystem. Therefore, collaboration among regulators, financial institutions, and educational institutions is essential to expand Sharia-based financial education through technology to achieve equitable and sustainable financial inclusion.

Indonesia is a country that has the largest Muslim population in the world, the potential that Indonesia has is quite large in the development of the Islamic banking and finance sector. This research focuses on Economics Education students of Stambuk 2023 to analyze their level of Islamic financial literacy and its influence on Islamic financial inclusion. Hopefully, this research can provide deeper insights into the relationship between Islamic financial literacy and inclusion. This research uses quantitative methods with an associative approach, as well as primary data analyzed through computational tests with simple linear regression techniques. The research sample consisted of 30 students selected using probability sampling and purposive sampling methods. The research instrument was a questionnaire distributed indirectly to respondents, with a questionnaire containing open questions and five answer choices. Data analysis was carried out using inferential analysis techniques. Based on the results of the t test, the calculated t value is 3.142, which is greater than the t table of 1.70133 (3.142> 1.70133), as well as a significance value of 0.004 which is smaller than 0.05 (0.004 < 0.05). These results show that the null hypothesis (H₀) is rejected and the alternative hypothesis (H₁) is accepted, which indicates that there is a positive and significant relationship between financial literacy and financial inclusion. Thus, the higher a person's financial literacy, the more likely they are to access and utilize various products from formal financial services, including Islamic finance.

Islamic finance is one of the sectors with great potential in supporting global economic growth, especially in countries with a Muslim majority population such as Indonesia. However, the development of this sector still faces challenges, especially the low level of Islamic financial literacy and inclusion. Islamic financial literacy is related to the public's understanding of the principles, products, and benefits of Islamic finance, while inclusion reflects the extent to which the public has access to Islamic financial services. The purpose of this study is to discuss strategies that can be applied to improve Islamic financial literacy and inclusion, including through community-based education, digitalization of financial services, increasing product innovation, and strengthening supporting policies. The methodology used is a descriptive qualitative approach. This approach was chosen because it provides space to gain a deep understanding of the phenomenon being studied, namely the role of Islamic financial literacy and inclusion. The results of the discussion show that synergy between the government, Islamic financial institutions, and the community is needed to overcome existing obstacles. With the right approach, Islamic finance can not only be an alternative, but also an inclusive and sustainable financial solution, and contribute to national economic development.

The growth of the Islamic economy in Indonesia is currently so rapid, the benchmark is financial literacy and inclusion in accordance with the provisions and principles of sharia. It plays an important role in improving the quality of personal and public financial management, especially among Generation Z in the city of Depok. This research aims to determine the effect of Islamic financial literacy and inclusion on Islamic financial management in Generation Z in Depok city. This research method uses a quantitative approach with information collection methods obtained from 100 respondents through distributing questionnaires. The results of this study show that Islamic financial literacy does not have a positive effect on Islamic financial management variables with a significance value of 0, 331> 0, 05. Islamic financial inclusion has a positive influence on Islamic financial management with a significance value of 0, 049 < 0, 05. The simultaneous test results show that Islamic financial literacy and inclusion each have an influence on financial management in generation Z of Depok city, the significance value is 0, 000 < 0, 05. This study provides an understanding of Islamic financial literacy and inclusion in the application of Islamic financial management more wisely and ethically among the younger generation in order to achieve financial and spiritual well-being.

Financial Inclusion is one of the important parts of the financial system that has been the subject of many researches, especially the world bank. Inclusion in the financial system is less in developing and less developed countries than in developed countries. Although there are many reasons for this, one of the important reasons is the low level of financial literacy. Islamic Financial Literacy is a concept that requires knowledge about the Islamic financial system and can contribute positively to financial inclusion. Various researches have been conducted on this concept, which differs from financial literacy in certain aspects. This research has several goals. First, in Turkey it aimed to determine students' reading of Islamic financial literacy levels in various university faculties. Secondly, it is aimed to investigate the relationship between Islamic financial literacy level and financial attitude and behavior. Third, the impact of Islamic financial literacy on the entrepreneurial trend has been predicted. Finally, determining whether the level of Islamic financial literacy differs according to various demographic factors, especially the faculty variable, whether it is taking finance, or Islamic finance courses, is among the sub-objectives of the study. The universe of the research consists of students studying in the third and fourth grades of the faculties of business, engineering and theology at Düzce University. Sampling was done in the research and snowball sampling method was preferred. 513 questionnaire data obtained within the scope of the research were analyzed with SPSS 25 package program. As a result of the research, Islamic Financial Knowledge levels and Islamic Financial literacy were gauged. It was determined that the Islamic Financial Knowledge levels and Literacy were quiet low among students. Accordingly, the results of the study indicated that students taking Islamic finance courses had high Islamic finance literacy. In addition, it was concluded that the Islamic Financial Knowledge Level and the Islamic Financial Literacy Level varied significantly according to the faculty, gender and family income level. Lastly, looking attractiveness did not put a difference on Islamic financial knowledge, it provided a statistically significant relationship between those looking attractive to entrepreneurship and those not looking attractive to entrepreneur with respect to Islamic financial literacy level.

The culinary cluster of creative economy in Indonesia has a strong appeal to business actors, so that business growth in the culinary cluster is always above other clusters. But unfortunately, the level of Islamic financial literacy and Islamic financial inclusiveness has not been created properly in this cluster. This study aims to see the relationship between Islamic financial literacy, Islamic financial inclusion and business growth in the culinary cluster of creative economy. The sample in this study was 62 business actors in the culinary cluster. To see this relationship, data were analyzed using the SEM-GeSCA approach. The results of this study indicate that Islamic financial literacy has a positive and significant impact on Islamic financial inclusion and business growth. Other research results also show a positive and significant impact relationship between Islamic financial inclusion and business growth. This result implies that business actors in the culinary cluster must continue to improve Islamic financial literacy and Islamic financial inclusion so that sustainable growth of their business can be created.

West Java has a higher Sharia financial inclusion index than the national financial inclusion index, but this is not followed by the Islamic literacy index. This study aims to measure the increase in Islamic financial literacy and inclusion in the Islamic cooperative sector (BMT/KSPPS) before and after mentoring and counseling programs related to Islamic financial inclusion and literacy in West Java communities. The method used in this study is the Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) Method. The type of data used is primary data, which is obtained from the results of questionnaires and interviews in the field. The objects of service are categorized into two, namely mentoring programs for administrators and members of the BMT Al Muhsinin KSPPS, and community extension programs, and members of the ta'lim council in the BMT Al Muhsinin area. The data analysis technique uses a paired sample t-test difference test, with pre and post-test data related to Islamic financial literacy and inclusion. The results showed that there were significant differences before and after the mentoring and counseling. The four clusters carried out by mentoring and counseling began to understand more deeply important aspects of Islamic cooperatives such as the role of the Islamic supervisory board, the sales and purchase contracts used, daily practices, and profit-sharing ratios. With enhanced understanding, cooperative members and the general public have better access to Islamic financial services, which in turn can improve their economic well-being and support local economic development.

Objective – The objectives of the study are to assess the level of students’ knowledge of Islamic finance and examine their financial behavior (FB), financial stress (FS), and financial well-being (FWB). Methodology – The study applies a quantitative research method with primary data collection using a non-probability convenience sampling technique. The questionnaires were distributed to 155 students, including undergraduate and postgraduate students. Findings and Novelty –The study concludes that only the financial well-being hypothesis was supported, meaning that financial well-being influences the level of Islamic financial literacy (IFL). The study contributes to the various stakeholders. For the government authority, this study can be a reliable benchmark for the level of Islamic financial literacy among university students. For the university authority, this study helps the university assess students’ Islamic financial literacy level. For the Islamic financial industry, it tells what needs to be improved by the community members. Moreover, this study contributes to the existing literature on Islamic financial literacy. The study also recommends future research to study other variables related to Islamic financial literacy and include a wider sample from different universities. Type of Paper: Empirical JEL Classification: I22, M29, O16 Keywords: Islamic financial literacy; financial behaviors; financial stress; financial well-being Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Doloh, A; Redzuan, N.H. (2023). The Role of Financial Behavior, Financial Stress, and Financial Well-Being in Explaining Islamic Financial Literacy among University Students, J. Fin. Bank. Review, 8(1), 43 – 57. https://doi.org/10.35609/jfbr.2023.8.1(2)

This study aims to test the extent of financial literacy in Islamic banking services in Jordan, and to test the effect of demographic variables: (gender, age, monthly income, region of residence, level of education, field of study, and occupation) on Islamic financial literacy via Ordered Logistic Regression, as well as, testing the differences in Islamic financial literacy among the averages of categories of demographic variables using non-parametric tests.In order to achieve these goals, the study designed and distributed a questionnaire to a sample of 385 individuals from Jordan. The study found that 19.5% of Jordanians have a low level of Islamic financial literacy, 45.2% and 35.3% of Jordanians have an average and high level of Islamic financial literacy, respectively.The study found a positive effect of the level of education, region of residence and the field of the study on the level of Islamic financial literacy. In which individuals with a higher educational qualification, “Humanities and Social Science” specialization, and individuals in northern and central Jordan possess a higher level of Islamic financial literacy. On the other hand, the study found a statistically significant difference between the averages of the categories: educational level, field of study, and region of residence.Therefore, the study recommended the Central Bank of Jordan and the legislators to increase the general level of financial literacy and Islamic financial literacy in particular. Through, targeting segments that showed a low level of Islamic financial literacy. These results also have important implications for policy makers and academics.

Although Indonesia is the largest Muslim country in the world, the level of Islamic financial literacy in Indonesia is still very low. The Islamic financial literacy index in Indonesia is at 8.93%, much lower than the conventional financial literacy index which reached 37.72% in 2019. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the determinants of Islamic financial literacy in Indonesia amongst university students which is a group prioritized by government policies in improving Islamic financial literacy. To achieve this goal, this study develops a multidimensional Islamic financial literacy instrument that includes aspects of knowledge, attitudes and behavior and measures the multidimensional Islamic financial literacy amongst university students. The study collected primary data from 439 students from University of Indonesia and analyzed them using logistic regression method with Islamic financial literacy scores as the dependent variable and socio-demographic factors as the independent variables. The results of this study found that the majority of students (50.1%) had moderate levels of Islamic financial literacy, while 43.5% and 6.4% had high and low levels of Islamic financial literacy respectively. In addition, this study found a positive influence on the field of study, income, and Islamic bank account ownership on the level of Islamic financial literacy. In particular, students who come from the faculty of economics and business, have higher incomes, and have Islamic bank accounts tend to have higher Islamic financial literacy than other students. Based on these findings, relevant stakeholders in Indonesia are expected to continue improving Islamic financial literacy through various strategies and massive educational programs, especially for the groups which have low and moderate Islamic financial literacy. The results of this study are also expected to enrich the literature on Islamic financial literacy in Muslim countries.