Abstract
The problem of compatibility between the wood filler and thermoplastic matrix is of essential importance in composite production. Numerous methods have been developed for increasing this compatibility, which is still representing a challenging objective of composite research throughout the world. The research into these methods is primarily directed towards their efficiency from the viewpoint of the composite performance and their economical acceptability. The latter is of particular importance for the composite production in the developing countries with respect to the shortage of the corresponding funds. With this respect, the utilization of ionizing radiation might have considerable advantages. In this research, the beech wood flour was irradiated by a dose of 10 kGy of 60Co gamma rays for purpose of provoking the changes by the ionizing effect. The effects of ionizing radiation upon the properties of wood particles have been examined by IR spectroscopy and by determination of contents of hydroxyl groups in wood by acetylating as an indirect method. All these methods have been expected to reveal the chemical effects of the applied radiation treatment. The irradiated and the control wood flour were used in order to produce the samples of composite with polypropylene. The polypropylene-wood flour (PP-WF) composites were produced with 40% of wood particles having fraction size 0.3 mm. The melt-blended composites were modified with amido-acrylic acid (AMACA) as a new coupling agent synthesized for this propose in amount of 6 wt.% (based on wood filler) and successively with 0.05 wt.% (based on PP) of organic peroxide during mixing step. The composites containing coupling agents showed superior mechanical properties, compared to the untreated one. The highest extent of improvement of tensile was achieved in PP-WFl composites modified with AMACA coupling agent.
Highlights
The ever-increasing shortage of high-quality wood with the resulting price increases as well as the environmental protection issues both emphasize the importance and benefits from waste wood utilization (Điporović et al, 1997, 2002)
Mainly in Europe, components previously made with glass fiber composites that do not require high load-bearing capabilities are being replaced with hemp, flax and other natural fiber composites
Wood flour and rise husks are commonly used as reinforcing materials for plastic composite decking boards and railing systems in North America (80% of the approximately $3.2 billion market)
Summary
The ever-increasing shortage of high-quality wood with the resulting price increases as well as the environmental protection issues both emphasize the importance and benefits from waste wood utilization (Điporović et al, 1997, 2002). The composite production can be a very profitable utilization of this waste, with the recently noticed trend of combining wood particles with thermoplastic matrices. Different modifications known to increase the compatibility of the wood particles and the thermoplastic matrix include acetylation (Điporović , 1990), grafting (Kokta et al, 1986, Điporović et al, 1996), plasma (Yo u n g et al, 1994) and radiation (Czvikovsky et al, 1982) treatments, etc. In this research ionizing radiation was used for preliminary wood particles modification. Such particles were used for composite production. The effects of ionizing radiation upon the properties of wood particles were examined by IR spectroscopy, and by determining content of acetyl groups. The compatibility of irradiated wood particles and polypropylene (PP) matrix was followed by changes of mechanical properties of composites
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