The influence of epigenetic factors on the development of Alzheimer`s and Parkinson`s diseases

Abstract

Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases continue to pose significant challenges in the field of neurodegenerative disorders, affecting millions of individuals worldwide. Over the past decades, it has become evident that epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNA regulation, play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. In this article, we discuss recent scientific advancements in the study of epigenetic changes associated with Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. We explore alterations in DNA methylation and their impact on the expression of genes related to neurodegeneration. Histone modifications, including acetylation and methylation, and their role in the regulation of genes associated with inflammation and amyloid proteins are also elucidated. Furthermore, we delve into the influence of microRNAs and non-coding RNAs on the pathogenesis of these diseases. Understanding the epigenetic mechanisms in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases may shed light on new prospects for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of these neurodegenerative disorders.