The influence of elements of cultivation technology on the phytosanitary state of crops and the yields of grain crops

Abstract

The study aims to assess the impact of the main tillage system, predecessors and mineral fertilizers on the phytosanitary condition of crops and grain yield in the grain fallow crop rotation. The authors researched the educational and experimental farm «Minderlinskoye» FSBEI HE Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University, located in the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe conditions. It was found that the application of the herbicide tank mixture (preparations Puma Super 100 + Sekator Turbo) has a significant positive effect on the regulatory impact on the weed component of agrophytocenosis. The authors established the effect in variants with traditional moldboard main tillage (plowing at 20–22 cm) and without it in fertilized and unfertilized backgrounds. The highest technical efficiency of the herbicides applied was observed in the moldboard treatment variant (86–94%) compared to thenon-treatment variant. The authors revealed a decrease in the damage to the underground organs of spring wheatwhen placed after green manure rapeseed fallow in options with moldboard plowing by 20–22 cm and without basic tillage compared to such a predecessor as corn. The index of root rot development increases by 23.2% (plowing, fertilized background) and 37.5% (plowing, unfertilized background) when barley is placed as a second grain crop. These figures are 21.0% and 33.2% for no-tillage, which ultimately affects the yield of grain crops. The highest biological yield of spring wheat grain was obtained in the variant with moldboard plowing after green manure rapeseed fallow. The grain yield of spring wheat was higher in the variant without basic tillage on the fertilized background when placing crops of this crop after corn.