Abstract
The effects of a rough sea surface on shallow water acoustic propagation are examined using experimental data collected from the Target and Reverberation Experiment (TREX) which took place off of the coast of Panama City, Florida in May 2013. During the experiment, the sea surface directional-wave spectrum was measured by a pair directional buoys moored at the experimental site. Acoustic measurements were collected using a bottom deployed recording tower (depth 20 m), that coherently recorded data from an accelerometer-based vector sensor, and a horizontal and vertical line array. Measurements using an active source, lowered from the stern of a research vessel, were made along propagation paths perpendicular and parallel to the surface wind-waves at source receiver ranges corresponding to approximately 10, 20, and 40 water depths. Results show that the directional properties of the rough sea-surface influence both the azimuthal and vertical distribution of the forward scattered intensity. A frequency dependence in vertical angular spreading is identified for the frequency range 1 to 3 kHz. A partial explanation for this effect originates from differences in the directional wave spectral level corresponding to forward scattering Bragg wavenumbers that are computed from the angles of the trapped modes.
Published Version
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