The influence of dietary palmitic acid triacylglyceride position on the fatty acid, calcium and magnesium contents of at term newborn faeces.

Abstract

The distribution of long-chain saturated fatty acids in triglycerides is different in infant formulas to that in human milk. In human milk, palmitic acid is predominantly esterified in the sn-2 position (beta-position) of the triglycerides, whereas in infant formulas, it is esterified mainly in the sn-1,3 positions (alpha,alpha'-positions). The specific distribution of the fatty acids in the triglyceride plays a key role in lipid digestion and absorption. We studied fatty-acid, calcium and magnesium composition in the faeces of three groups of at term newborn infants fed different diets: Group A (n=12) was fed from birth to 2 months with human milk (66% palmitic acid in beta-position), Group B (n=12) was fed with formula alpha (19% palmitic acid esterified in beta-position) for 2 months, and Group C (n=12) was fed with formula alpha during the first month and with formula beta (44.5% palmitic acid in beta-position) during the second month. Samples were taken at the end of the first month (t0) and at the end of the second month (t1). Groups A and C presented significantly lower contents of palmitic acid in faeces at t1 than at t0, whereas in Group B, amounts remained similar. Faecal calcium in Groups A and C decreased in the second month (t1), although the fall was no statistically significant. In Group B, calcium amounts showed no change. We found that infant formula beta when compared with infant formula alpha reduced significantly the contents of total fatty acids and palmitic acid in faeces. We conclude that palmitic acid in beta-position is, therefore, beneficial for term infants.