Abstract
Simple SummaryGallic acid (GA) has been demonstrated to have antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and health-promoting properties. In pigs, GA supplementation has been shown to decrease di-arrhea incidence of weaned piglets and improve their intestinal integrity. The present experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that growth performance and diarrhea after weaning could be improved by supplementing the diet with 400 mg/kg GA to weaned piglets, especially for low weaning weight piglets.This study evaluated the effects of dietary gallic acid (GA) on growth performance, diarrhea incidence and plasma antioxidant status of weaned piglets regardless of whether weaning weight was high or low. A total of 120 weaned piglets were randomly allocated to four treatments in a 42-day experiment with a 2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement comparing different weaning weights (high weight (HW) or low weight (LW), 8.49 ± 0.18 kg vs. 5.45 ± 0.13 kg) and dietary treatment (without supplementation (CT) or with supplementation of 400 mg/kg of GA). The results showed that HW piglets exhibited better growth performance and plasma antioxidant capacity. Piglets supplemented with GA had higher body weight (BW) on day 42 and average daily gain (ADG) from day 0 to 42 compared to the control piglets, which is mainly attributed to the specific improvement on BW and ADG of LW piglets by the supplementation of GA. The decreased values of diarrhea incidence were seen in piglets fed GA, more particularly in LW piglets. In addition, dietary GA numerically reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content in plasma of LW piglets. In conclusion, our study suggests that dietary GA may especially improve the growth and health in LW weaned piglets.
Highlights
Chickens fed diets supplemented with gallic acid (GA) at 75 to 100 mg/kg displayed a promotion in growth and feed utilization, the integrity and morphology of jejunum were positively modulated [9]
Piglets fed GA showed a higher body weight (BW) compared to the control piglets on day 42 of the trial (p = 0.045)
Diets with GA increased average daily gain (ADG) from day to 42 of the trial (p = 0.049). This increase is mainly attributed to the specific improvement on BW and ADG of low weight (LW) piglets by the supplementation of GA
Summary
GA modulates the function of basophils and reduces the release of histamine, and suppresses the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages. Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and health-promoting effects, GA has been extensively studied as feed supplementation in animal production. Chickens fed diets supplemented with GA at 75 to 100 mg/kg displayed a promotion in growth and feed utilization, the integrity and morphology of jejunum were positively modulated [9]. Diets with GA (400 mg/kg) decreased postweaning diarrhea and protected intestinal integrity in pigs [10]. Due to the association interactions with water [11] and the rapid absorption in the stomach and small intestine of animals [12], GA has shown a higher bioavailability
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