The influence of crop predecessor and chemicalization levels on grain quality and spring wheat productivity

Abstract

The research purpose is to assess the influence of predecessor and chemization levels on grain quality and spring wheat productivity. The research was conducted in 2018-2019 in the forest-steppe zone of the Irkutsk region on gray forest soil on the experimental field of the Irkutsk Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture. The two-factor experiment scheme included predecessors: pure steam; annual grasses (pea-oat mixture) and corn, as well as chemization levels: without fertilizers; mineral fertilizer N45P45K45 (diammophosca and ammonium nitrate); mineral fertilizer N45P45K45 and herbicides. The highest productivity of spring wheat grain of 2.62-2.82 t / ha was obtained by pure steam. Compared with its predecessor, corn productivity growth was 0.38-0.76 t / ha, compared with annual grasses – 0.65-0.99 t/ha. The increase from fertilizers is reliable and its value is higher for non-fallow predecessors for corn 0.36-0.38 t / ha, for annual grasses 0.33-0.34 t / ha. The grain productivity was 62-93% dependent on the predecessor and 3-28% on the chemization level. The placement of wheat in pure steam increased the grain nature by 35-40 g, the glassiness content by 1.6-2.2%, and the gluten content by 3.4-6.0% compared to non-steam predecessors. The share of the influence of the predecessor on the grain quality is 67-92%, the share of the influence of the chemization level is 3-10% and the interaction of factors accounts for 2-8%. The application of mineral fertilizers increases the gross grain harvest, but reduces the profitability compared to the non-winded background for all predecessors.