PROTECTION OF PLANTS AS A FACTOR OF INFLUENCE ON THE QUALITY OF GRAIN OF WHEAT

Abstract

The article analyzes data on the effect of fungicidal and herbicidal preparations on grain quality and productivity of spring wheat. Timely and high-quality use of plant protection products from harmful organisms can improve not only the productivity of spring wheat, but often the quality of grain. In the years of mass spread of aerogenic infections, the use of fungicides in wheat crops can increase the protein content of the grain, as the leaves are longer and more productive photosynthesize. Under these conditions, the increase of the content of gluten on the use of systemic multi-component fungicide in the phase of the flag leaf was 3 %, in case of moderate development of disease was 2.4 %. The yield of flour increased by 5-7 %, and in some years there was an improvement in baking evaluation from satisfactory on the control variant to good on the variant with using a system fungicide. Correlation dependence of disease development and gluten content in grain was characterized as very strong and very strong inverse (r=0.88-0.98). In years with the strong development of leaf spots and the defeat of straw linear rust requires double use of fungicides to preserve the crop and grain quality. Long-term tests of post-emergence herbicides have shown that the use of these drugs in the framework of the regulations of their use did not worsen the quality of spring wheat grain, but also a significant stable positive effect on this indicator was not observed.