THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE CHANGES ON THE CONDITION AND REPRODUCTIVE PROCESSES OF PINE OF THE COMMON FINNISH ORIGIN IN THE CONDITIONS OF VINNYTSIA REGION

Abstract

According to research results, it was established that all clones were characterized by intensive formation of microstrobils and pollination. Tree analysis showed that clones of Finnish origin entered the pollen maturation phase earlier compared to local origin. Externally, the anthers of the local population were much larger. The analysis of photographs showed that the clones were characterized by different intensity of pollen grain germination and also had a different proportion of pollen grains with abnormalities. A general review of the images revealed that most of the clones of Finnish origin and the local population are characterized by fairly high viability. It was determined that the average number of germinated pollen grains for the studied clones was 89, of which about half (44) had anomalies. According to the obtained research results, we determined that the largest number of germinated grains is 150 pcs. was noted in clone No. 13 (E 618). The minimum number was recorded in clone No. 21 (E1881) – 13 pcs. Accordingly, the same clones recorded the maximum and minimum number of ungerminated pollen grains. In particular, clone No. 10 had 218 units, and clone No. 21 had 223 units. The most pollen grains with anomalies were found in clone No. 10 – 95 pcs. It was found that the highest percentage of pollen without germination was characteristic of clone No. 21 and was about 94.2%. At the same time, the lowest share of such pollen was recorded in clone No. 13 – 40.5%. As a result of regular records of the preservation of clones on the plantation, a high level of preservation was noted, which is 94.8%. Out of the initial number of 413 clones, 22 died. The total loss of clones in the section of representative offices was 1-4 trees. The highest dropout was characteristic of clones: No. E2312 (33.3%), E2257 (20.0%) K801 (20.0%). According to the correlation analysis, a weak correlation was found between preservation and state of clones and preservation and fruiting (r = - 0.21 and 0.19, respectively). The analysis of correlation dependences indicates that the deterioration of the condition of clones is not the main reason for their death. It was established that the average intensity of the formation of cones during the last years fluctuated within the range of 1.3-2.0 points. The best level of seed bearing was noted in 2015 and 2018. Along with the local control, the formation of cones was more intense in clones E 80 and E 709 and averaged more than 2.0 points. As a result of conducting field research, it was determined that the average condition of clones has slightly deteriorated in recent years. In particular, there is an increase in the average status category from 1.3 to 1.7. The best condition, along with local control, is characterized by clones E 80 and E 2125 (condition category 1,2). Clones E 1591, E 2257, K 684, K 801, K 818 are in much worse condition.