Abstract
Vegetables are valuable sources of vitamins, organic acids and mineral salts. In Kazakhstan, the consumption rate of vegetables per person is 120 kg per year, where 8 kg is beetroot. Beetroot cultivated area is 7,000 hectares. The yield is 150,000 tons, and the demand is 144,000 tons. Beetroot is one of the most popular and all year round vegetable that used in food. Despite the high biological potential (40-50 t/ha), the yield of beetroot is low (20-22 t/ha). The main reasons are deterioration of soil fertility and mineral consumption of the crop. Along with the increase in the productivity of beetroot, it is also necessary to improve the quality, especially the ecological purity of the crop. There is carried out experiments on the effect of various bioorganic preparations and mineral fertilizers on the yield, quality and storing quality of beetroots in KazRIPaVG. The goal of the experiment is to increase the yield, quality and environmental cleanliness of the products. Research methods are generally accepted in vegetable growing and agrochemistry. There was found an increase in the productivity of the crop to 10.9-38.4%. Also, there was noted improved quality and conservation of beetroot from many types of bioorganic fertilizers. Mineral fertilizers showed a high effect in subsurface irrigation. In addition, 15.6-46.3% of beetroot was obtained. The highest production (37.6 t/ha) was provided by the fertilizer N150P90K120.
Highlights
Vegetable farming is an important sector of agriculture in Kazakhstan that designed to provide balanced food to the population for the whole season
We determined the yield of beetroot, depending on the various types of bioorganic fertilizers in studies on the development of an ecologically safe system for fertilizing beetroot
Taking into consideration all above mentioned, we have studied the effect of new bioorganic fertilizers on the storing quality of beetroots during the long-term storage
Summary
Vegetable farming is an important sector of agriculture in Kazakhstan that designed to provide balanced food to the population for the whole season. According to statistics in 2016, vegetables were cultivated in the area of 146.2 thousand hectares, and 3.564 million tons were harvested in Kazakhstan. The country supply by vegetables was 210% (Committee on Statistics of the Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan). The sown area of beetroot is about 7 thousand hectares (5%) in Kazakhstan. Beetroot is unique in its content of biologically and physiologically active substances, and the caloric content is very high. It contains proteins, fats, fiber, pectins, sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose), organic acids (malic, citric, oxalic and folic), vitamins C, B1, B2, P, PP, and minerals (sodium, potassium salts, calcium, iron, phosphorus, iodine, magnesium, cobalt and manganese). There are many substances that can Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 3.0 license
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