Abstract
Background: Regular physical activity has a positive influence on increasing physical fitness, which has considerable impact on health and, consequently, on the quality and length of human life. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the influence of six months of physical endurance activity on the body composition and aerobic capacity of middle aged women. Methods: Forty women between the ages of 40 to 55 years with a sedentary occupation and without regular physical activity took part in the study. The experimental group (n = 21) participated in dance aerobics lessons combined with strength training three times a week for 6 months, during exercise heart rate was monitored by heart rate monitors. The control group (n = 19) did not change their lifestyle during the observed period. All participants passed an all-out bicycle ergometer test to exhaustion and anthropometric measurement (bioelectrical impedance analysis method) before and after this six month program. Results: In the experimental group, after finishing the intervention programme, positive changes were perceptible in almost all monitored parameters; specifically an increase of fat free mass in the lower limbs, peak oxygen consumption, and the duration of the exercise test was statistically significant. Although, in the control group, some monitored parameters changed almost identically; the amount of fat free mass decreased and the duration of the exercise test diminished. Analysis of variance at repeated measurements confirmed that the intervention programme had a statistically significant and positive effect on the duration of the exercise test and on the amount of muscle and fat free mass in the right lower limb. Conclusions: Physical intervention had a statistically important positive influence on the amount of muscle and fat free mass in the right lower limb and on the duration of the exercise test (also logically significant). The results were affected by the women's poor adherence to the aerobics programme, large differences in their motivation and the relatively low training intensity. Despite some inconsistent results, it can be said that an intervention programme in a style of aerobic dance combined with strengh training is suitable physical activity for increasing physical fitness in sedentary middle aged women.
Highlights
The fact, that regular physical activity of a proper intensity and volume is a very important part of a healthy lifestyle, is already commonly known
The risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases rises. It is a consequence of age related physiological and other changes, which are accompanied by decline of aerobic capacity or changes in body composition (Hawkins & Wiswell, 2003; Hughes, Frontera, Roubenoff, Evans, & Fiatarone Singh, 2002)
That age associated decline in aerobic capacity and lean body mass have a slower decline in athletes and active individuals than in sedentary individuals (Hawkins & Wiswell, 2003; Hughes et al, 2002), it is evident that lifestyle can influence these changes
Summary
The fact, that regular physical activity of a proper intensity and volume is a very important part of a healthy lifestyle, is already commonly known. A number of authors demonstrate in their studies that an active lifestyle and good fitness has considerable influence on health and, on the quality and length of human life (Fletcher et al, 2001; Warburton, Nicol, & Bredin, 2006). The risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases rises It is a consequence of age related physiological and other changes, which are accompanied by decline of aerobic capacity or changes in body composition (Hawkins & Wiswell, 2003; Hughes, Frontera, Roubenoff, Evans, & Fiatarone Singh, 2002). Regular physical activity has a positive influence on increasing physical fitness, which has considerable impact on health and, on the quality and length of human life
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