Abstract
Biogenic amines (BA) are chemical compounds formed in foods that contain protein, allowing the foods to undergo a bacterial degradation process. Biogenic amines are labeled as toxic food because its consumption exceeding the FDA regulation (50 mg/kg) can be harmful to humans. Some countries also have regulations that prohibit the consumption of biogenic amines in high concentrations, especially histamine. The chromatography methods generally applied by researchers are liquid chromatography (LC) and gas chromatography (GC), where the use of a derivatization reagent is necessary to increase their sensitivity. This review is based on past and present studies about biogenic amine detection related to food samples. The rationale of this study is also to provide data on the comparison of the analytical approaches between LC and GC methods. Furthermore, the various approaches of biogenic amine determination and the most applied analytical methods have been reviewed.
Highlights
Food analysis has become a challenge in the food industry in ensuring the food distributed is safe for human consumption.ere are many factors that require foods to be analyzed, such as contamination of food by bacteria, mishandling of food by humans, and food degradation due to environmental factors such as pH, temperature, and storage
Biogenic amines are compounds that can be found in food protein and should be analyzed because they can bring adverse effects. e appearance of biogenic amines in foods is generally influenced by bacteria contamination [1]. e review paper describes the importance of biogenic amine detection and the methods applied by some studies for biogenic amine detection in food and beverage samples
Biogenic amine detection in foodstuff is crucial for the following reasons: to modify the current technique or develop new techniques to be applied by researchers or analysts in analyzing biogenic amines in various products from other countries that consume food protein regularly; to study the relationship between biogenic amine accumulation and the growth of bacteria inside foods; and to study their potential toxicity [12]. e analysis of biogenic amines in foods is not a straightforward process as biogenic amines’ structures are very complex, and their presence in foods is sometimes very small. e appropriate extraction and purification methods must be selected with care [13]
Summary
Food analysis has become a challenge in the food industry in ensuring the food distributed is safe for human consumption. Ere are many factors that require foods to be analyzed, such as contamination of food by bacteria, mishandling of food by humans, and food degradation due to environmental factors such as pH, temperature, and storage. Biogenic amines are compounds that can be found in food protein and should be analyzed because they can bring adverse effects. E appearance of biogenic amines in foods is generally influenced by bacteria contamination [1]. E review paper describes the importance of biogenic amine detection and the methods applied by some studies for biogenic amine detection in food and beverage samples Biogenic amines are compounds that can be found in food protein and should be analyzed because they can bring adverse effects. e appearance of biogenic amines in foods is generally influenced by bacteria contamination [1]. e review paper describes the importance of biogenic amine detection and the methods applied by some studies for biogenic amine detection in food and beverage samples
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