Abstract
This paper presents a formal, general model of program dependencies. Two generalizations of control and data dependence, called weak and strong syntactic dependence, are presented. Some of the practical implications of program dependencies are determined by relating weak and strong syntactic dependence to a relation called semantic dependence. Informally, one program statement is semantically dependent on another if the latter statement can affect the execution behavior of the former. It is shown that weak syntactic dependence is a necessary condition for semantic dependence, but that neither weak nor strong syntactic dependence are sufficient conditions. The implications of these results for software testing, debugging, and maintenance are then explored.
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