The Implementation of PWA (Progressive Web App) Technology in Enhancing Website Performance & Mobile Accessibility

<i>A Roundtable Discussion:</i> Embracing the Mobile Revolution

Aim/Purpose: This presentation will discuss how mobile devices are used to keep children busy and entertained during child care activities. Mobile devices are considered the 21st “Century Nanny” since parents and caregivers use those tools to engage children’s attention for indefinite periods of time. Research background on touch screen devices and children’s age groups are presented to map age to screen activities and the type of device used. The literature is then compared to a small sample of 45 students attending Pasitos, a pre-k and 1st and 2nd grade school in El Salvador, and the type of mobile devices they used after school. Background: The wide adoption of mobile devices to keep children busy and entertained is a growing concern and a cause for passionate debates. Methodology: This study considered two types of research to compare findings. One study was gathered from the literature to demonstrate how children use mobile devices, apps, and video genres based on age groups. The second study looked at 45 children attending Pasitos and the type of mobile devices they used during child care time at home. Pasitos is a pre-k and 1st and 2nd grade school in El Salvador. Contribution: Identify the type of mobile devices mostly used by children during child care activities. Findings: (1) Touchscreens are the most intuitive interfaces for young children; (2) children’s use of technology can strengthen the relationships between home and school; and (3) mobile apps consider children’s emotions, learning activities, and interaction in the development and design. Recommendations for Practitioners: Touchscreens are the most intuitive interfaces for young children, and adult supervision enhances the children's experience. Recommendation for Researchers: Mobile apps for design and development must consider children’s emotions, learning activities, and interaction. Impact on Society: Children’s use of technology can strengthen the relationships between home and school. Future Research: Few studies have researched the impact of young children’s cognitive and social development with the use of mobile apps.

The process of collecting traffic data is a key component to evaluate the current state of a transportation network and to analyze movements of vehicles. In this paper, we argue that both active stationary and mobile measurement devices should be taken into account for high-quality traffic data with sufficient geographic coverage. Stationary devices are able to collect data over time at certain locations in the network and mobile devices are able to gather data over large geographic regions. Hence, the two types of measurement devices have complementary properties and should be used in conjunction with each other in the data collection process. To evaluate the complementary characteristics of stationary and mobile devices for traffic data collection, we present a traffic simulation model, which we use to study the share of successfully identified vehicles when using both types of devices with varying identification rate. The results from our simulation study, using freight transport in southern Sweden, shows that the share of successfully identified vehicles can be significantly improved by using both stationary and mobile measurement devices.

Progressive web App is a web-based application development that includes the application of the latest technology from a browser that can be accessed quickly into one application without having to install. Progressive web applications can run like mobile applications in general, and the user interface is like using native applications. Progressive web app was invented in 1990. Progressive web App uses the latest Technology to produce web apps that provide a better User Experience and User Interface than mobile native. Progressive web app that is supported by a system called Service Worker, where the technology provides Offline Functionality, Notifications, Content Updates, Connectivity Changes and others. So that in a slow connection or an unstable connection you can access websites quickly and have the same appearance as the last time you opened the application via a Web Browser. This progressive web app can optimize web app performance to allow users to have an accessible experience with quickly and easily through browsers such as notebooks, personal computers or through mobile devices. This progressive web app is a service worker that allows a web app that can be run through all existing browsers and has a fairly simple and transparent process. So that the page that is opened, on the service worker site which is a proxy client that can be written in javascript, as well as being able to cache the assets needed for offline support which can determine certain events to activate the service worker such as push notifications, camera, and background sync. Keywords : Progressive Web Apps, Web, User Interface, Native Apps, User Experience

Determinants of adoption of latest version smartphones: Theory and evidence

Floodlight Open is a global, open-access, fully remote, digital-only study designed to understand the drivers and barriers in deployment and persistence of use of a smartphone app for measuring functional impairment in a naturalistic setting and broad study population. This study aims to assess measurement equivalence properties of the Floodlight Open app across operating system (OS) platforms, OS versions, and smartphone device models. Floodlight Open enrolled adult participants with and without self-declared multiple sclerosis (MS). The study used the Floodlight Open app, a "bring-your-own-device" (BYOD) solution that remotely measured MS-related functional ability via smartphone sensor-based active tests. Measurement equivalence was assessed in all evaluable participants by comparing the performance on the 6 active tests (ie, tests requiring active input from the user) included in the app across OS platforms (iOS vs Android), OS versions (iOS versions 11-15 and separately Android versions 8-10; comparing each OS version with the other OS versions pooled together), and device models (comparing each device model with all remaining device models pooled together). The tests in scope were Information Processing Speed, Information Processing Speed Digit-Digit (measuring reaction speed), Pinching Test (PT), Static Balance Test, U-Turn Test, and 2-Minute Walk Test. Group differences were assessed by permutation test for the mean difference after adjusting for age, sex, and self-declared MS disease status. Overall, 1976 participants using 206 different device models were included in the analysis. Differences in test performance between subgroups were very small or small, with percent differences generally being ≤5% on the Information Processing Speed, Information Processing Speed Digit-Digit, U-Turn Test, and 2-Minute Walk Test; <20% on the PT; and <30% on the Static Balance Test. No statistically significant differences were observed between OS platforms other than on the PT (P<.001). Similarly, differences across iOS or Android versions were nonsignificant after correcting for multiple comparisons using false discovery rate correction (all adjusted P>.05). Comparing the different device models revealed a statistically significant difference only on the PT for 4 out of 17 models (adjusted P≤.001-.03). Consistent with the hypothesis that smartphone sensor-based measurements obtained with different devices are equivalent, this study showed no evidence of a systematic lack of measurement equivalence across OS platforms, OS versions, and device models on 6 active tests included in the Floodlight Open app. These results are compatible with the use of smartphone-based tests in a bring-your-own-device setting, but more formal tests of equivalence would be needed.

Mobile devices are becoming highly multi-functional due to the development of communication technology. The microspeaker mod- ule used in those devices, such as mobile phones or pads, is also playing important roles inside mobile devices. The conventional mi- crospeaker modules normally have two demerits including a non-standardized total shape for different types of devices and a size too large for miniaturization design. This paper reports a novel structure design of a microspeaker module considering the added stiffness to minimize the total dimensions without affecting the acoustic performance. At the same time, a standardized novel microspeaker design was applied to different types of mobile devices with sustained performance. The finite element method (FEM) was applied for electro- magnetic analysis and dynamic analysis. The respond surface method (RSM) was used for optimization. As a design result, the total volume was decreased by 51.8%. The simulation showed that compared to the conventional design, the novel design maintains the reso- nance frequency and sound pressure level (SPL) value. Prototypes were constructed and acoustic tests were conducted. The simulation results were verified experimentally. The results revealed the novel design to have a similar resonance frequency with conventional de- sign. In addition, the mean SPL value from 800 Hz to 5 kHz for the conventional and novel designs were maintained with 94.33 dB and 94.98 dB, respectively, that means novel design has maintained acoustic performance as conventional design.

This estimation method operates by integrating the input values that are redundantly collected from heterogeneous devices through the selection of a representative value and estimating missing values by using a multimodal RNN. Users use a heterogeneous healthcare platform mainly in a mobile environment. Users who pay a relatively large amount of attention to healthcare possess various types of healthcare devices and collect data through their mobile devices. The collected data may be duplicated depending on the types of these devices. This data duplication causes an ambiguity issue in that it is difficult to determine which value among multiple data should be taken as the user’s actual value. Accordingly, it is necessary to create a neural network structure that considers the data value at the time previous to the current time. RNNs are appropriate for handling data with a time series characteristic. To learn an RNN-based neural network, learning data that have the same time step are required. Therefore, an RNN in which one variable becomes single-modal was designed for each learning run. In the RNN, a cell is a gated recurrent unit (GRU) cell that presents sufficient accuracy in the small resource environment of mobile devices. The RNNs that are learned according to the variables can each operate without additional learning, even if the situation of the user’s mobile device changes. In a heterogeneous environment, missing values are generated by various types of errors, including errors caused by battery charge and discharge, sensor failure, equipment exchange, and near-field communication errors. The higher the missing value ratio, the greater the number of errors that are likely to occur. For this reason, to achieve a more stable heterogeneous health platform, missing values must be considered. In this study, a missing value was estimated by means of multimodal deep learning; that is, a multimodal deep learning method was designed with one neural network that was connected with each learned single-modal RNN using a fully connected network (FCN). Each RNN input value delivers mutual influence through the weights of the FCN, and thereby, it is possible to estimate an output value even if any one of the input values is missing. According to the evaluation in terms of representative value selection, when a representative value was selected by using the mean or median, the most stable service was achieved. As a result of the evaluation according to the estimation method, the accuracy of the RNN-based multimodal deep learning method is 3.91%p higher than that of the SVD method.

Service Workers (SWs) are a powerful feature at the core of Progressive Web Apps, namely web applications that can continue to function when the user&#x0027;s device is offline and that have access to device sensors and capabilities previously accessible only by native applications. During the past few years, researchers have found a number of ways in which SWs may be abused to achieve different malicious purposes. For instance, SWs may be abused to build a web-based botnet, launch DDoS attacks, or perform cryptomining; they may be hijacked to create persistent cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks; they may be leveraged in the context of side-channel attacks to compromise users&#x0027; privacy; or they may be abused for phishing or social engineering attacks using web push notifications-based malvertising. In this paper, we reproduce and analyze known attack vectors related to SWs and explore new abuse paths that have not previously been considered. We systematize the attacks into different categories, and then analyze whether, how, and estimate when these attacks have been published and mitigated by different browser vendors. Then, we discuss a number of open SW security problems that are currently unmitigated, and propose SW behavior monitoring approaches and new browser policies that we believe should be implemented by browsers to further improve SW security. Furthermore, we implement a proof-of-concept version of several policies in the Chromium code base, and also measure the behavior of SWs used by highly popular web applications with respect to these new policies. Our measurements show that it should be feasible to implement and enforce stricter SW security policies without a significant impact on most legitimate production SWs.

Learn how to design and create powerful new progressive web apps (PWA). This workshop introduces the computer science principles that enable modern web sites to be converted into installable apps. This course starts with an example web site (built with HTML/CSS/JavaScript) and shows in just two easy steps how to create an engaging app that can be installed on mobile devices, including Android phones, iPhones, iPads, tablets, and more. The course illustrates the principles by converting an open source, cloud-hosted, client-side app. It introduces manifest files and JSON, then introduces the powerful new JavaScript service workers. The course employs Google's free Workbox libraries and shows how service workers enable web apps to interact with device APIs and alter requests before and after sending. You can easily install (and uninstall) the apps on mobile devices - and even use an app while your device is offline. The course illustrates how engaging tools like Lighthouse provide critical feedback on performance, accessibility, best practices, and more. As a bonus, a PWA syllabus is provided that can be customized to your courses. Skills for developing these apps are in demand and quite accessible to students. Laptop Required. Presenters are most familiar with Windows, but another OS should be fine. Internet access and the ability to create and edit files is required. Chrome browser is required to run the Lighthouse audits. All software and libraries are free and open source.

The use and deployment of mobile devices across society is phenomenal with an increasing number of individuals using mobile devices to track their everyday health. However, there is a paucity of academic material examining this recent trend. Specifically, little is known about the use and deployment of mobile heart monitoring devices for measuring palpitations and arrhythmia. In this scoping literature review, we identify the contemporary evidence that reports the use of mobile heart monitoring to assess palpitations and arrhythmia across populations. The review was conducted between February and March 2018. Five electronic databases were searched: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), CINHAL, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus. A total of 981 records were identified and, following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, nine papers formed the final stage of the review. The results identified a total of six primary themes: purpose, environment, population, wearable devices, assessment, and study design. A further 24 secondary themes were identified across the primary themes. These included detection, cost effectiveness, recruitment, type of setting, type of assessment, and commercial or purpose-built mobile device. This scoping review highlights that further work is required to understand the impact of mobile heart monitoring devices on how arrhythmias and palpitations are assessed and measured across all populations and ages of society. A positive trend revealed by this review demonstrates how mobile heart monitoring devices can support primary care providers to deliver high levels of care at a low cost to the service provider. This has several benefits: alleviation of patient anxiety, lowering the risk of morbidity and mortality, while progressively influencing national and international care pathway guidelines. Limitations of this work include the paucity of knowledge and insight from primary care providers and lack of qualitative material. We argue that future studies consider qualitative and mixed methods approaches to complement quantitative methodologies and to ensure all actors’ experiences are recorded.

Nowadays, mobile devices, such as smartphones, tablets or smartwatches, are essential items in our daily life. Further, more and more people use smart mobile devices in their everyday work for remote controlling, observing diagrams, performing web analytics, etc. However, the full potential of mobile devices is not tapped yet; built-in sensors such as accelerometers or gyroscopes offer a wide range of interaction capabilities, which are still often not fully used in nowadays mobile applications. On the other hand, desktops are still the dominating working device, but with significantly differing interaction means. With additional hand tracking devices capturing the user's gestures additional input possibilities are available but still often unused. In this paper, we investigate on a concept for orientation-based touch-less interaction. Depending on the type of device - traditional desktop or a mobile device - we use an interaction metaphor called "Waggle"; utilizing of tilting and turning of either the user's hand or the mobile device itself for additional input possibilities. Based on the results of two pilot studies for both environments, basic parameters for future design decisions are derived: on the one hand, the maximum angle for basic rotation axes are evaluated. On the other hand, different discretizations of tilt and turn angles are investigated. Based on the outcome of both studies the optimal configuration for the use of the Waggle interaction metaphor in future applications on both mobile and desktop environments are defined.

Sustainable text summarization over mobile devices: An energy-aware approach

With the development of technology such as cloud computing, wireless networks and mobile devices, the application of mobile learning in the education of all types and at all levels is increasing popular. The importance will increasingly highlight: it is expected to become the primary entrance for the learners to digital learning world. In the face of the status quo of the smart phone with diversified operating system and differential characteristics, mobile learning system based on smart phone must solve cross-platform difficulties. From the points of view of cross-compilation, mobile web app, mixed mobile web app, mobile widgets, this article discusses the cross-platform key technologies of mobile learning system, summarizes the characteristics, the advantages and disadvantages of different technology, designs mobile learning system structure meeting the needs of different functions under different technical support, and discusses the construction plan of the cross-platform mobile learning system based on smart phone.

Growing use of the cell phones and tablets over the computer for humans’ daily life has increased the development of mobile apps. Different paradigms have been introduced to develop a mobile app. Up till now, the major paradigms have been introduced are native apps, hybrid apps, web app and the new trend namely progressive web app (PWA). Each methodology has its pros and cons. This paper discusses about native development issues and how web app aimed to solve these problems. The hybrid apps will be discussed as a solution of cross-platform development problem of native apps. In addition, problems of web apps and the gap between web app and native apps will be introduced. PWA is supposed to bridge the gap between native apps and web apps. The main technologies –service worker- will also be discussed.