The Implementation of DCGAN in the Data Augmentation for the Sperm Morphology Datasets

Abstract

A large amount of data is the key requirement in order to train a neural network efficiently. Using a small size training set in network training causes low accuracy for model performance over the testing set and also hard to implement the model in practice. Similar to many other problems, sperm morphology datasets are also limited for training the neural network-based deep networks in order to provide an automatic evaluation of sperm morphometry. Data augmentation mitigates this problem by utilizing actual data more effectively. The standard data augmentation techniques focus on only spatial changes over the images and can only produce a restricted number of useful informative and disjunctive data. Therefore, in order to create more distinctive and diverse data than the regular spatial domain-based augmentation techniques, a deep learning-based data augmentation technique which is known as the generative model, is trained in this study for the sperm morphology datasets. The deep convolutional generative adversarial network (DCGAN) was optimized and utilized in this study for three well-known sperm morphometry datasets as SMIDS, HuSHeM, and SCIAN-Morpho. Each dataset was individually augmented to a 1000 sample size by the proposed approach. In order to optimize the network with different parameters and observe the generated data, a graphical user interface has been designed. For the similarity evaluation of the generated images to original images, the Fréchet Inception Distance (FID) score was utilized. The FID results indicate that the most similar generated images have been obtained for SMIDS with an average of 29.06 FID score. The worst performance (Average FID = 53.46) was obtained for the SCIAN-Morpho dataset, which has low resolution and data imbalance problems. Lastly, DCGAN based proposed approach resulted in an average of 44.25 FID score for the HuSHeM dataset.