The Imperial Castle in Poznań: Histories of its Polonization

Abstract

The Imperial Castle in Poznań, conceived as a residence for Wilhelm II, reflects a complex history of Polonization. The original project aimed to culturally and politically “elevate” (heben) the eastern German provinces. The castle was at the centre of a symbolical space, surrounded by institutions (Academy Building, Prussian Settlement Commission, etc.) showcasing national identity. After First World War, the building was “polonized”, which included removing German symbols and its establishment as a residence of the President of the Republic, while many of the surrounding buildings housed key Faculties of the newly created University of Poznań. The castle’s role during Second World War as Hitler’s residence and subsequent adaptation in the post-war era further shaped its identity narrative. The decision to preserve it after the war faced opposition, but since its transformation into the “Palace of Culture” in 1962 (renamed “Zamek [Castle] Culture Centre” in 1993), it rapidly become part of public memory. Post-1989, discussions on the castle’s function and identity led to renovations, the establishment of the “Royal-Imperial Route” destined at tourists, a revived interest in its history, and even local pride. The castle, once a symbol of German rule, now stands as a dynamic part of the city’s history, integrating past narratives with contemporary cultural functions. However, the reconstruction of the “Polish” Royal Castle of Przemysł II, which started in 2010, a controversial project aiming to overshadow the “German” Imperial Castle, reflects tensions between historical narratives in Poznań. Recent developments, such as events organized by the LGBT+ community, showcase the castle’s evolving meaning.