The Impact of Vitamin D Supplementation on Endothelial Function and Arterial Stiffness in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Abstract

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a prevalent health condition that can lead to various cardiovascular complications, including endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness. Endothelial dysfunction is characterized by impaired vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, and increased inflammatory response. Arterial stiffness, on the other hand, refers to the reduced ability of the arterial wall to stretch and accommodate the blood flow. Both of these complications contribute to the increased risk of cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with CKD [1]. Vitamin D, a fat-soluble vitamin, plays a crucial role in the regulation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism, bone health, and immune function [2]. Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in patients with CKD due to reduced synthesis and increased urinary excretion of the active form of vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D) [3]. Vitamin D supplementation has been proposed as a potential therapy to improve cardiovascular outcomes in CKD patients by reducing inflammation, improving endothelial function, and reducing arterial stiffness [4]. The aim of this systematic review is to examine the impact of vitamin D supplementation on endothelial function and arterial stiffness in patients with CKD.