Abstract
With the development and application of modern information and communication equipment and services (ICES), global society has undergone significant development and progress in everyday life. Along with the positive, negative aspects of their usage have evolved. One of the problems is the new sources of driver distraction, which ultimately results in a serious, growing daily threat to traffic safety. Simultaneously with the development of ICES, the number of distracters (mobile terminal devices, laptops, smart watches, and others) has increased as well, which also reduces the level of safety and affects the quality of driving. With the increase in participation and ownership of mobile terminal devices, as well as the implementation of modern multimedia information and communication systems in vehicles, this problem will further escalate in the coming years. The unfavorable factor comes from the fact that distraction factors influenced by using ICES belong to bio-mechanical, cognitive, auditory, and visual categories, which directly affects essential human functions for successful and safe vehicle operation. This paper provides insight into the issue of distraction factors that affect drivers with an emphasis on those caused by using modern ICES.
Highlights
Nowadays, people are accustomed to real time access to adequate and relevant information enabling a multitude of types of tasks at once to be performed in a quality manner [1]
According to [25], the concept of driver inattention is defined as insufficient level of attention to activities that are critical to safe vehicle operation, whereby distraction is cited as one form of driver inattention
Based on a conceptual analysis of common elements in different definitions of distraction, there is a need for a general definition, which would be: Driver distraction is any diversion from the actions which are critical for safe driving toward competitive activities [27]
Summary
People are accustomed to real time access to adequate and relevant information enabling a multitude of types of tasks at once (multitasking) to be performed in a quality manner [1] This is made possible by using modern information and communication equipment and services (ICES) and mobile terminal devices (MTDs). According to [5], 16% of traffic accidents in the United States (US) in 2012 was caused by some kind of distraction factors, including conversations with passengers in vehicles, managing multimedia systems, consumption of food and/or beverages, and the use of MTDs. The influence of using MTDs while driving was investigated as a distraction factor as early as in the 1960s.
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